Quantum-hardware spectral co-design framework for multifrequency Rydberg electrometry
Abstract
Engineering electromagnetic hardware to satisfy discrete quantum-defined spectral constraints constitutes a general spectral co-design problem for quantum systems. Here we address this challenge in multifrequency Rydberg electrometry by directly coupling a fabrication-constrained simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA)--Adam optimizer to full-wave finite-element eigenmode simulations. Requiring neither analytical nor adjoint gradients, the method operates over a discrete design space containing approximately 10300-configurations and yields a novel multimode electrometry architecture that simultaneously aligns four high-Q eigenmodes with four selected Cs Rydberg transitions. The optimized design remains highly robust to fabrication imperfections, achieving a relative frequency error as low as 8.42×10−7 while reducing the device length by a factor of 1.75×102, thereby overcoming the difficulty of simultaneous multimode spectral matching encountered in conventional design. For a comparable simulation budget, the proposed co-design framework achieves frequency-matching errors approximately 10 and 41 times smaller than those of covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy and discrete simulated annealing, respectively. The electrometry is predicted to provide an average input-power-sensitivity enhancement of approximately 4.04×103, demonstrating quantum--hardware spectral co-design as a general route toward compact hardware for multichannel quantum sensing.
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BibTeX
@misc{huang2026quantumhardware,
title = {{Quantum-hardware spectral co-design framework for multifrequency Rydberg electrometry}},
author = {Song Huang and Guibin Tian and Fernando Quijandría and Zhengjiang Li and Zhimin He and Franco Nori and Yong Lu},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.11635},
eprint = {2609.11635},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11635},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Quantum-hardware spectral co-design framework for multifrequency Rydberg electrometry
AU - Song Huang
AU - Guibin Tian
AU - Fernando Quijandría
AU - Zhengjiang Li
AU - Zhimin He
AU - Franco Nori
AU - Yong Lu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/10
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.11635
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11635
AB - Engineering electromagnetic hardware to satisfy discrete quantum-defined spectral constraints constitutes a general spectral co-design problem for quantum systems. Here we address this challenge in multifrequency Rydberg electrometry by directly coupling a fabrication-constrained simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA)--Adam optimizer to full-wave finite-element eigenmode simulations. Requiring neither analytical nor adjoint gradients, the method operates over a discrete design space containing approximately 10^300-configurations and yields a novel multimode electrometry architecture that simultaneously aligns four high-Q eigenmodes with four selected Cs Rydberg transitions. The optimized design remains highly robust to fabrication imperfections, achieving a relative frequency error as low as 8.42×10^−7 while reducing the device length by a factor of 1.75×10^2, thereby overcoming the difficulty of simultaneous multimode spectral matching encountered in conventional design. For a comparable simulation budget, the proposed co-design framework achieves frequency-matching errors approximately 10 and 41 times smaller than those of covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy and discrete simulated annealing, respectively. The electrometry is predicted to provide an average input-power-sensitivity enhancement of approximately 4.04×10^3, demonstrating quantum--hardware spectral co-design as a general route toward compact hardware for multichannel quantum sensing.
ER -