Comparative effects of deoxynivalenol and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol on porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development, and the partial protective role of resveratrol.
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
- 2Department of Animal Biosystems and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
- 3Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea.
- 4MK Biotech Co., LTD., Daejeon, Korea.
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of animal feed is a major threat to livestock reproduction. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin, disrupts cellular function by binding to ribosomes and inducing ribotoxic stress, oxidative imbalance, and apoptosis. Its primary microbial metabolite, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1), is thought to be less toxic. However, its reproductive effects remain unclear. DON contamination is widely reported in cereal grains used in animal feed, and pigs exposed to contaminated diets have been shown to exhibit detectable DON and DOM-1 levels in blood, urine, and fetal tissues (approximately 8-9 ng/g), highlighting the biological relevance of DON exposure during reproduction. Here, we evaluated the effects of DON (250, 500, and 1,000 ng/mL) and DOM-1 (250, 500, and 1,000 ng/mL) on porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development in vitro, and examined whether resveratrol (Res, 2 μM) could mitigate DON-induced toxicity. Exposure to DON inhibited cumulus cell expansion, maturation rates and impaired developmental competence, at a concentration of 1,000 ng/mL, developmental arrest was complete. DON-treated oocytes showed increased ROS, decreased GSH, upregulated ER stress and apoptosis-related gene levels (ATF4, XBP1, CHOP, BAX), with downregulated anti-apoptosis gene levels (BCL2). In contrast, DOM-1 had no significant effects compared with those of the controls, except for a modest reduction in the blastocyst rate at the highest concentration. Although Res did not show restorative effects on cumulus cell expansion and nuclear maturation, Res supplementation reduced DON-induced ER stress markers, increased BCL2 levels, and induced blastocyst development in DON-exposed embryos. These findings demonstrate that DON exerts dose-dependent toxicity in porcine oocytes via oxidative stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis, whereas DOM-1 is largely nontoxic. Res partially protected against DON-induced oocyte damage and confirms its potential as a supplement to combat mycotoxins.
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BibTeX
@article{choi2026comparative,
title = {{Comparative effects of deoxynivalenol and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol on porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development, and the partial protective role of resveratrol.}},
author = {Hoyong Choi and Jaehyeok Yoon and Junghui Jo and Xiang Zhang and Kukbin Ji and Inchul Choi and Jeongwoong Lee and Min Kyu Kim},
journal = {Journal of animal science and technology},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.5187/jast.2600045},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898615},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Comparative effects of deoxynivalenol and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol on porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development, and the partial protective role of resveratrol.
AU - Hoyong Choi
AU - Jaehyeok Yoon
AU - Junghui Jo
AU - Xiang Zhang
AU - Kukbin Ji
AU - Inchul Choi
AU - Jeongwoong Lee
AU - Min Kyu Kim
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/31
JO - Journal of animal science and technology
DO - 10.5187/jast.2600045
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898615
AB - Mycotoxin contamination of animal feed is a major threat to livestock reproduction. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin, disrupts cellular function by binding to ribosomes and inducing ribotoxic stress, oxidative imbalance, and apoptosis. Its primary microbial metabolite, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1), is thought to be less toxic. However, its reproductive effects remain unclear. DON contamination is widely reported in cereal grains used in animal feed, and pigs exposed to contaminated diets have been shown to exhibit detectable DON and DOM-1 levels in blood, urine, and fetal tissues (approximately 8-9 ng/g), highlighting the biological relevance of DON exposure during reproduction. Here, we evaluated the effects of DON (250, 500, and 1,000 ng/mL) and DOM-1 (250, 500, and 1,000 ng/mL) on porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development in vitro, and examined whether resveratrol (Res, 2 μM) could mitigate DON-induced toxicity. Exposure to DON inhibited cumulus cell expansion, maturation rates and impaired developmental competence, at a concentration of 1,000 ng/mL, developmental arrest was complete. DON-treated oocytes showed increased ROS, decreased GSH, upregulated ER stress and apoptosis-related gene levels (ATF4, XBP1, CHOP, BAX), with downregulated anti-apoptosis gene levels (BCL2). In contrast, DOM-1 had no significant effects compared with those of the controls, except for a modest reduction in the blastocyst rate at the highest concentration. Although Res did not show restorative effects on cumulus cell expansion and nuclear maturation, Res supplementation reduced DON-induced ER stress markers, increased BCL2 levels, and induced blastocyst development in DON-exposed embryos. These findings demonstrate that DON exerts dose-dependent toxicity in porcine oocytes via oxidative stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis, whereas DOM-1 is largely nontoxic. Res partially protected against DON-induced oocyte damage and confirms its potential as a supplement to combat mycotoxins.
SN - 2055-0391
ER -