From Radiotherapy Dataset to Cherenkov Dose Map: A Digital Linac Monte Carlo Simulation Pipeline
Abstract
Background: Cherenkov-based radiotherapy monitoring depends on the relationship between dose and locally generated Cherenkov photons, before optical transport and detection. Purpose: To develop a DICOM RT-driven Geant4 digital linac Monte Carlo framework that scores dose and Cherenkov creation together and to evaluate their spatial correspondence. Methods: The framework converts DICOM CT, structure, plan, and dose objects into beam-delivery states and scores energy deposition and Cherenkov photon creation on a common 2.5-mm isotropic grid in a water-equivalent phantom. Static fields, different beam qualities, and a two-arc VMAT plan were tested. Monte Carlo dose was compared with TPS RTDOSE from Acuros XB and AAA; dose-Cherenkov associations and spatial agreement were assessed at voxel, plane, and profile levels. Results: Full-volume 3D dose gamma passing rates (3%/3 mm, 10% threshold) were 97.05%-98.86% for Acuros XB-referenced field-size and beam-quality cases (97.47% with AAA) and 97.84% for VMAT. Cherenkov creation correlated strongly with dose, with voxel r2 ≥ 0.9890 and projection/profile r2 ≥ 0.9942 in all cases. Dose-Cherenkov 3D gamma passing rates were 97.97%-99.16% for 10×10 6X, 10X, and 15X fields and 96.59% for VMAT, but fell to 71.22% for 5×5 fields and 32.82% for 6FFF. Deviations were most apparent near small-field edges and along depth for 6FFF. Conclusions: In a homogeneous water phantom, local Cherenkov creation broadly tracks local dose but shows systematic differences at beam edges and with FFF beam quality. This framework supports future studies of optical transport and surface-based Cherenkov dosimetry.
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BibTeX
@misc{he2026from,
title = {{From Radiotherapy Dataset to Cherenkov Dose Map: A Digital Linac Monte Carlo Simulation Pipeline}},
author = {Xianghuan He and Changyu Sun and Andy N. Wiles and Yao Hao and Gregory B. Biedermann and Brian W. Pogue and Rongxiao Zhang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.01408},
eprint = {2611.01408},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01408},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - From Radiotherapy Dataset to Cherenkov Dose Map: A Digital Linac Monte Carlo Simulation Pipeline
AU - Xianghuan He
AU - Changyu Sun
AU - Andy N. Wiles
AU - Yao Hao
AU - Gregory B. Biedermann
AU - Brian W. Pogue
AU - Rongxiao Zhang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.01408
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01408
AB - Background: Cherenkov-based radiotherapy monitoring depends on the relationship between dose and locally generated Cherenkov photons, before optical transport and detection. Purpose: To develop a DICOM RT-driven Geant4 digital linac Monte Carlo framework that scores dose and Cherenkov creation together and to evaluate their spatial correspondence. Methods: The framework converts DICOM CT, structure, plan, and dose objects into beam-delivery states and scores energy deposition and Cherenkov photon creation on a common 2.5-mm isotropic grid in a water-equivalent phantom. Static fields, different beam qualities, and a two-arc VMAT plan were tested. Monte Carlo dose was compared with TPS RTDOSE from Acuros XB and AAA; dose-Cherenkov associations and spatial agreement were assessed at voxel, plane, and profile levels. Results: Full-volume 3D dose gamma passing rates (3%/3 mm, 10% threshold) were 97.05%-98.86% for Acuros XB-referenced field-size and beam-quality cases (97.47% with AAA) and 97.84% for VMAT. Cherenkov creation correlated strongly with dose, with voxel r^2 ≥ 0.9890 and projection/profile r^2 ≥ 0.9942 in all cases. Dose-Cherenkov 3D gamma passing rates were 97.97%-99.16% for 10×10 6X, 10X, and 15X fields and 96.59% for VMAT, but fell to 71.22% for 5×5 fields and 32.82% for 6FFF. Deviations were most apparent near small-field edges and along depth for 6FFF. Conclusions: In a homogeneous water phantom, local Cherenkov creation broadly tracks local dose but shows systematic differences at beam edges and with FFF beam quality. This framework supports future studies of optical transport and surface-based Cherenkov dosimetry.
ER -