Recent advances in metallic nanoparticles: From characterization to toxicity and bioactivity
7 affiliations
- 1The Chemistry Department, College of Education, University of Sumer, Thi Qar, Iraq
- 2The Chemistry Department, Al-Qadisiyah Education Directorate, Ministry of Education, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
- 3The Chemistry Department, The Al-Maaref Secondary School in Najaf, Ministry of Education, Najaf, Iraq
- 4The General Directorate of Education Al-Najaf, Ministry of Education, Najaf, Iraq
- 5The Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- 6Radiological Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- 7The Gifted Students’ School in Najaf, The Gifted Guardianship Committee, Ministry of Education, Najaf, Iraq
Abstract
Over the past decade, the biomedical applications of monometallic (MNPs), bimetallic (BMNPs), and multimetallic nanoparticles (MMNPs) have expanded exponentially, with green synthesis emerging as a cornerstone due to its sustainability, and eco-friendliness. Driven by the global urgency for novel therapeutics against microbial epidemics and oncological diseases, multi-element nanoparticles have gained significant traction. This review comprehensively examines the classification, structural characterization, and distinct differences among MNPs, BMNPs, and MMNPs. A core focus is placed on the synergistic effects inherent to bi- and multi-metallization; the interaction of multiple metallic species induces structural, electrical, and mechanical alterations that yield unique optical, thermal, and magnetic properties unattainable by their monometallic counterparts. Furthermore, we highlight the economic and environmental sustainability of these systems, demonstrating how blending earth-abundant transitional metals (e.g., Fe, Cu) with precious metals (e.g., Au, Ag) creates cost-effective, high-efficiency frameworks. The role of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) as a critical diagnostic tool is also evaluated, illustrating how SPR shifts serve as an internal blueprint to decipher complex internal configurations, such as mixed alloys versus core-shell structures. Finally, this paper addresses the toxicological profiles of these nanoparticles and outlines strategic pathways for their safe, efficient deployment in anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory therapies.
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BibTeX
@article{jassim2026recent,
title = {{Recent advances in metallic nanoparticles: From characterization to toxicity and bioactivity}},
author = {Thekrayat Joodi Jassim and Noor Mahmood Abdulhussein and Rasha Neama Hussein and Shaimaa Rahim Hussein and Nada Mutter Abbass and Ebaa Adnan Azooz},
journal = {Next Nanotechnology},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
doi = {10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100561},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100561},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Recent advances in metallic nanoparticles: From characterization to toxicity and bioactivity
AU - Thekrayat Joodi Jassim
AU - Noor Mahmood Abdulhussein
AU - Rasha Neama Hussein
AU - Shaimaa Rahim Hussein
AU - Nada Mutter Abbass
AU - Ebaa Adnan Azooz
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/13
JO - Next Nanotechnology
DO - 10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100561
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100561
AB - Over the past decade, the biomedical applications of monometallic (MNPs), bimetallic (BMNPs), and multimetallic nanoparticles (MMNPs) have expanded exponentially, with green synthesis emerging as a cornerstone due to its sustainability, and eco-friendliness. Driven by the global urgency for novel therapeutics against microbial epidemics and oncological diseases, multi-element nanoparticles have gained significant traction. This review comprehensively examines the classification, structural characterization, and distinct differences among MNPs, BMNPs, and MMNPs. A core focus is placed on the synergistic effects inherent to bi- and multi-metallization; the interaction of multiple metallic species induces structural, electrical, and mechanical alterations that yield unique optical, thermal, and magnetic properties unattainable by their monometallic counterparts. Furthermore, we highlight the economic and environmental sustainability of these systems, demonstrating how blending earth-abundant transitional metals (e.g., Fe, Cu) with precious metals (e.g., Au, Ag) creates cost-effective, high-efficiency frameworks. The role of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) as a critical diagnostic tool is also evaluated, illustrating how SPR shifts serve as an internal blueprint to decipher complex internal configurations, such as mixed alloys versus core-shell structures. Finally, this paper addresses the toxicological profiles of these nanoparticles and outlines strategic pathways for their safe, efficient deployment in anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory therapies.
SN - 2949-8295
ER -