A Comparative Evaluation of Dye Removal in Batch and Air-Lift Systems by Commercial and Crude Laccase Immobilized on Biochar
4 affiliations
- 1Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franchet d’Esperey Boulevard 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- 2Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- 3Military Technical Institute, Ratka Resanovića 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- 4Inovation Centre of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Abstract
Biochar has emerged as a highly attractive, sustainable support for enzyme immobilization, with dual benefits: valorization of available lignocellulosic waste and use as a stable, porous matrix for enzyme binding. This study investigated acid-modified sour cherry stone biochar (SCBM) as support for two laccases of different origins: crude laccase (Bjerkandera adusta TMF1 (CL)) and purified commercial laccase (Trametes versicolor (TvL)). The aim was to compare immobilization efficiency, activity retention and Brilliant Green (BG) decolorization in batch and air-lift reactors (ALRs). Immobilization of crude (SCBM-CL) and commercial (SCBM-TvL) laccase was successfully achieved and confirmed by SEM-EDX and FTIR-ATR analyses. Under optimized batch conditions, SCBM-TvL achieved approximately 92% of BG removal within 4 h and maintained high catalytic activity over nine consecutive cycles, whereas SCBM-CL reached almost 66% removal, with a progressive loss of activity upon reuse. In the ALR, using a 25-fold lower biochar-to-solution ratio, SCBM-TvL achieved almost complete BG decolorization within 4 h, while SCBM-CL achieved 57% within the same time. After treatment, BG solution exhibited a phytostimulatory effect, no antimicrobial activity, and 87% COD reduction, indicating reduced toxicity and organic load after enzyme treatment. Furthermore, the BG decolorization achieved by SCBM-TvL in ALRs highlights the economic advantage of this system and supports its potential for further scale-up.
Related
- Assessing the comparative longitudinal immunogenicity of two commercial foot-and-mouth disease vaccines in crossbred dairy calves in Sebeta Hawas, Ethiopia
- Application of spectroscopic and multispectral imaging technologies on the assessment of ready-to-eat pineapple quality: A performance evaluation study of machine learning models generated from two commercial data analytics tools
- Enriching microlaser-labelled cells by commercial flow cytometry-based cell sorting systems
- Comparative study of a reference PCR assay targeting kinetoplast DNA and a commercial kit targeting ribosomal DNA for the molecular diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis
- Comparative laboratory and field assessment of commercial and nanoformulated metaldehyde baits against Monacha obstructa
BibTeX
@article{antanaskovic2026comparative,
title = {{A Comparative Evaluation of Dye Removal in Batch and Air-Lift Systems by Commercial and Crude Laccase Immobilized on Biochar}},
author = {Anja Antanasković and Milan Milivojević and Zorica Lopičić and Suzana Dimitrijević-Branković and Tamara Vujatović-Velimirov and Nevena Ilić},
journal = {Polymers},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/polym18202563},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/20/2563},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A Comparative Evaluation of Dye Removal in Batch and Air-Lift Systems by Commercial and Crude Laccase Immobilized on Biochar
AU - Anja Antanasković
AU - Milan Milivojević
AU - Zorica Lopičić
AU - Suzana Dimitrijević-Branković
AU - Tamara Vujatović-Velimirov
AU - Nevena Ilić
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/17
JO - Polymers
DO - 10.3390/polym18202563
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/20/2563
AB - Biochar has emerged as a highly attractive, sustainable support for enzyme immobilization, with dual benefits: valorization of available lignocellulosic waste and use as a stable, porous matrix for enzyme binding. This study investigated acid-modified sour cherry stone biochar (SCBM) as support for two laccases of different origins: crude laccase (Bjerkandera adusta TMF1 (CL)) and purified commercial laccase (Trametes versicolor (TvL)). The aim was to compare immobilization efficiency, activity retention and Brilliant Green (BG) decolorization in batch and air-lift reactors (ALRs). Immobilization of crude (SCBM-CL) and commercial (SCBM-TvL) laccase was successfully achieved and confirmed by SEM-EDX and FTIR-ATR analyses. Under optimized batch conditions, SCBM-TvL achieved approximately 92% of BG removal within 4 h and maintained high catalytic activity over nine consecutive cycles, whereas SCBM-CL reached almost 66% removal, with a progressive loss of activity upon reuse. In the ALR, using a 25-fold lower biochar-to-solution ratio, SCBM-TvL achieved almost complete BG decolorization within 4 h, while SCBM-CL achieved 57% within the same time. After treatment, BG solution exhibited a phytostimulatory effect, no antimicrobial activity, and 87% COD reduction, indicating reduced toxicity and organic load after enzyme treatment. Furthermore, the BG decolorization achieved by SCBM-TvL in ALRs highlights the economic advantage of this system and supports its potential for further scale-up.
SN - 2073-4360
ER -