Baryoid Dark Matter from ℤN Domain Walls: The (N−1):1 origin of the dark matter-baryon coincidence
Abstract
We propose an explanation for the dark matter-baryon coincidence based on collapsing ℤN domain walls, which form a novel compact baryonic state: the baryoid. A baryoid has an asteroid-scale mass and up-to-nuclear-scale energy density, and can serve as a dark matter candidate. Starting from equal baryon numbers in the domains formed in the early universe, the collapse of the domain walls after the QCD phase transition leads to a baryon-number ratio of (N−1):1 between the false- and true-vacuum domains. Since baryons are slightly lighter in the false-vacuum domains than in the true-vacuum domain, the resulting dark matter-to-baryon energy-density ratio is naturally close to, but slightly smaller than, (N−1):1, or 6:1 for N=7. We calculate the domain-wall dynamics and the efficiency of baryon-number trapping, derive the resulting baryoid properties, and discuss a broad set of phenomenological probes.
Versions
Related
- Heavy Dark Baryons as Self-Interacting Dark Matter: A GeV-Scale Coincidence
- A Common ∼55 GeV Inelastic Dark Matter Origin of the LZ, Fermi-LAT, and AMS-02 Excesses and Paleo-Detector Prospects
- Tidal origin of dark-matter free dwarf galaxies in the NGC 1052 group
- Four-Sector Cosmology (FSC): A Complex Dark Energy Field, Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, and the Origin of the Cosmological Constant from Observed Matter Asymmetry δ = 0.2%
- Distinguishing the origin of cosmic birefringence: dark energy, dark matter, and neutrino asymmetry
BibTeX
@misc{bai2026baryoid,
title = {{Baryoid Dark Matter from $\mathbbZ_N$ Domain Walls: The $(N-1):1$ origin of the dark matter-baryon coincidence}},
author = {Yang Bai and Ting-Kuo Chen},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2605.13958},
eprint = {2605.13958},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13958},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Baryoid Dark Matter from ℤ_N Domain Walls: The (N−1):1 origin of the dark matter-baryon coincidence
AU - Yang Bai
AU - Ting-Kuo Chen
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/10
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2605.13958
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.13958
AB - We propose an explanation for the dark matter-baryon coincidence based on collapsing ℤ_N domain walls, which form a novel compact baryonic state: the baryoid. A baryoid has an asteroid-scale mass and up-to-nuclear-scale energy density, and can serve as a dark matter candidate. Starting from equal baryon numbers in the domains formed in the early universe, the collapse of the domain walls after the QCD phase transition leads to a baryon-number ratio of (N−1):1 between the false- and true-vacuum domains. Since baryons are slightly lighter in the false-vacuum domains than in the true-vacuum domain, the resulting dark matter-to-baryon energy-density ratio is naturally close to, but slightly smaller than, (N−1):1, or 6:1 for N=7. We calculate the domain-wall dynamics and the efficiency of baryon-number trapping, derive the resulting baryoid properties, and discuss a broad set of phenomenological probes.
ER -