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Peer-reviewedCC BYEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Systemic cytokine signatures associated with volcanic emisions exposure and respiratory disease after the cumbre vieja eruption-ashes project

  • Victor Guerra-Ruiz1
  • David Díaz-Pérez2
  • David Soler-Segovia3
  • Cristina Candal-Pedreira4
  • Valle Velasco-González5
  • Ciro Casanova-Macario6
  • Esther Barreiro7
  • Ana Cañas8
  • Francisco-Javier Sánchez-Iñigo-Javier8
  • Alberto Ruano-Raviña
  • María-Jesús Cruz9
  • Xavier Muñoz10
10 affiliations
  1. 1Pulmonology Service, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  2. 2Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery Department/Research Unit, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain; Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (IISC), Spain; Department of Nursing, University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
  3. 3Pulmonology Service, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  4. 4Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
  5. 5Paediatric Pulmonology, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
  6. 6CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; Department of Pulmonology/Research Unit, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital, University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
  7. 7CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Pulmonology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
  8. 8National Centre for Environmental Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Majadahonda, Spain
  9. 9Pulmonology Service, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; Correspondence to: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron, 119, Barcelona 08035, Spain
  10. 10Pulmonology Service, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery Department/Research Unit, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain
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Abstract

Introduction: In September 2021, the eruption of the Tajogaite volcano on La Palma (Spain) released large amounts of toxic gases and particulate matter over three months. This study, part of the ASHES Project, analyses the serum cytokine profile and its relationship with exposure to these pollutants in general population, asthma patients, and occupationally exposed workers. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 102 participants (69 women; median age 50 years) were included. Structured interviews were conducted, and serum samples were collected to quantify 48 biomarkers related to TH1, TH2, and TH17 inflammatory responses (Olink®). Participants were classified into three groups: healthy population (n = 66), occupationally exposed workers (n = 13), and asthmatic patients (n = 23). Comparisons were performed between healthy population vs. asthmatics and healthy population vs. occupational group. Results: Occupationally exposed workers showed the highest exposure (median 10 h), compared with 6 h in the healthy population and 5 h in asthmatics (p = 0.006). This group, with highest exposure, had increased levels of IL-2, IL-7, IL-17A, and IL-17F compared with the general population. Asthmatic patients showed higher levels of IL-2, IL-7, TNFSF12, CXCL10, IL-17C, CCL3, and CCL4, and lower levels of IL-15 and MMP12 (p < 0.05). A strong positive correlation between IL-4 and exposure time (r = 0.7935, p < 0.0001), and negative correlations with CCL8, CXCL11, and TNF-α were observed in asthmatics. Conclusions: Volcanic emissions are associated with exposure- and disease-dependent immune responses. Asthmatics show heightened TH1/TH2/TH17 activation, while highly exposed workers display a TH17-skewed profile, with the general population maintaining a balanced response, suggesting greater vulnerability in asthma patients.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{guerraruiz2026systemic,
  title = {{Systemic cytokine signatures associated with volcanic emisions exposure and respiratory disease after the cumbre vieja eruption-ashes project}},
  author = {Victor Guerra-Ruiz and David Díaz-Pérez and David Soler-Segovia and Cristina Candal-Pedreira and Valle Velasco-González and Ciro Casanova-Macario and Esther Barreiro and Ana Cañas and Francisco-Javier Sánchez-Iñigo-Javier and Alberto Ruano-Raviña and María-Jesús Cruz and Xavier Muñoz},
  journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120950},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120950},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Systemic cytokine signatures associated with volcanic emisions exposure and respiratory disease after the cumbre vieja eruption-ashes project
AU  - Victor Guerra-Ruiz
AU  - David Díaz-Pérez
AU  - David Soler-Segovia
AU  - Cristina Candal-Pedreira
AU  - Valle Velasco-González
AU  - Ciro Casanova-Macario
AU  - Esther Barreiro
AU  - Ana Cañas
AU  - Francisco-Javier Sánchez-Iñigo-Javier
AU  - Alberto Ruano-Raviña
AU  - María-Jesús Cruz
AU  - Xavier Muñoz
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/24
JO  - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
DO  - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120950
AB  - Introduction: In September 2021, the eruption of the Tajogaite volcano on La Palma (Spain) released large amounts of toxic gases and particulate matter over three months. This study, part of the ASHES Project, analyses the serum cytokine profile and its relationship with exposure to these pollutants in general population, asthma patients, and occupationally exposed workers. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 102 participants (69 women; median age 50 years) were included. Structured interviews were conducted, and serum samples were collected to quantify 48 biomarkers related to TH1, TH2, and TH17 inflammatory responses (Olink®). Participants were classified into three groups: healthy population (n = 66), occupationally exposed workers (n = 13), and asthmatic patients (n = 23). Comparisons were performed between healthy population vs. asthmatics and healthy population vs. occupational group. Results: Occupationally exposed workers showed the highest exposure (median 10 h), compared with 6 h in the healthy population and 5 h in asthmatics (p = 0.006). This group, with highest exposure, had increased levels of IL-2, IL-7, IL-17A, and IL-17F compared with the general population. Asthmatic patients showed higher levels of IL-2, IL-7, TNFSF12, CXCL10, IL-17C, CCL3, and CCL4, and lower levels of IL-15 and MMP12 (p < 0.05). A strong positive correlation between IL-4 and exposure time (r = 0.7935, p < 0.0001), and negative correlations with CCL8, CXCL11, and TNF-α were observed in asthmatics. Conclusions: Volcanic emissions are associated with exposure- and disease-dependent immune responses. Asthmatics show heightened TH1/TH2/TH17 activation, while highly exposed workers display a TH17-skewed profile, with the general population maintaining a balanced response, suggesting greater vulnerability in asthma patients.
SN  - 0147-6513
SN  - 1090-2414
ER  -