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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Cureus

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Temporal Bone: A Case Report

  • Morio Yamaguchi1
  • Hirotaka Ikeda1
  • Tsukasa Kuno1
  • Hayato Takahashi1
  • Atsuhiro Tsuda1
  • Suguru Miyachi1
  • Yuya Nishiyama2
  • Satoshi Yoshioka3
  • Seiji Yamada4
  • Masanori Inoue1
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, JPN
  2. 2Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, JPN
  3. 3Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, JPN
  4. 4Oncology Innovation Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, JPN
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Abstract

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is classified as an uncommon intermediate-grade neoplasm that rarely involves the temporal bone. We report a case of a 23-year-old female who presented with right aural fullness and pain. Computed tomography findings showed a 1.6-cm well-circumscribed soft tissue mass in the superior mastoid portion of the right temporal bone, with bone destruction extending to the tegmen mastoideum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed T1 isointensity and predominantly mild T2 hyperintensity with internal hypointense areas. Two months later, preoperative MRI showed interval enlargement of the mass to 2.4 cm, with heterogeneous enhancement and adjacent dural thickening and enhancement. The biopsy results showed proliferation of the spindle cells with inflammatory cell infiltration, and the tumor cells were positive for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), supporting the diagnosis of IMT. Histopathologic evaluation of the resection specimen revealed collagen-rich fibrous components and myxoid stroma, mixed inflammatory infiltrates, hemorrhage, hemosiderin deposition, and focal dural invasion without brain involvement. The patient remained recurrence-free five years after surgery. The heterogeneous T2 signal may reflect the underlying histologic heterogeneity of the tumor. IMT may be considered in young patients with a bone-destructive temporal bone mass showing heterogeneous T2 signal, contrast enhancement, and interval enlargement. Furthermore, histopathologic evaluation is essential to reach a definitive diagnosis.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{yamaguchi2026inflammatory,
  title = {{Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Temporal Bone: A Case Report}},
  author = {Morio Yamaguchi and Hirotaka Ikeda and Tsukasa Kuno and Hayato Takahashi and Atsuhiro Tsuda and Suguru Miyachi and Yuya Nishiyama and Satoshi Yoshioka and Seiji Yamada and Masanori Inoue},
  journal = {Cureus},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.7759/cureus.117513},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117513},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Temporal Bone: A Case Report
AU  - Morio Yamaguchi
AU  - Hirotaka Ikeda
AU  - Tsukasa Kuno
AU  - Hayato Takahashi
AU  - Atsuhiro Tsuda
AU  - Suguru Miyachi
AU  - Yuya Nishiyama
AU  - Satoshi Yoshioka
AU  - Seiji Yamada
AU  - Masanori Inoue
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/05
JO  - Cureus
DO  - 10.7759/cureus.117513
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117513
AB  - Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is classified as an uncommon intermediate-grade neoplasm that rarely involves the temporal bone. We report a case of a 23-year-old female who presented with right aural fullness and pain. Computed tomography findings showed a 1.6-cm well-circumscribed soft tissue mass in the superior mastoid portion of the right temporal bone, with bone destruction extending to the tegmen mastoideum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed T1 isointensity and predominantly mild T2 hyperintensity with internal hypointense areas. Two months later, preoperative MRI showed interval enlargement of the mass to 2.4 cm, with heterogeneous enhancement and adjacent dural thickening and enhancement. The biopsy results showed proliferation of the spindle cells with inflammatory cell infiltration, and the tumor cells were positive for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), supporting the diagnosis of IMT. Histopathologic evaluation of the resection specimen revealed collagen-rich fibrous components and myxoid stroma, mixed inflammatory infiltrates, hemorrhage, hemosiderin deposition, and focal dural invasion without brain involvement. The patient remained recurrence-free five years after surgery. The heterogeneous T2 signal may reflect the underlying histologic heterogeneity of the tumor. IMT may be considered in young patients with a bone-destructive temporal bone mass showing heterogeneous T2 signal, contrast enhancement, and interval enlargement. Furthermore, histopathologic evaluation is essential to reach a definitive diagnosis.
SN  - 2168-8184
ER  -