Skip to content
DraconiticResearch
Search Sources API
197,761 studies31 sourcesUpdated 52 min ago
Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Quantum

Rare Event Simulation of Quantum Error-Correcting Circuits

  • Carolyn Mayer1
  • Anand Ganti2
  • Uzoma Onunkwo2
  • Tzvetan Metodi3
  • Benjamin Anker4,5
  • Jacek Skryzalin6
6 affiliations
  1. 1Quantum Computer Science 1, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
  2. 2Cyber Security Initiatives, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
  3. 3Quantum Computer Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
  4. 4Center for Quantum Information and Control, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
  5. 5Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
  6. 6Jump Trading Group, 1 London Wall, Barbican, London, UK
Open at sourcePDFDOICite

Abstract

We describe a practical approach for accessing the logical failure rates of quantum error-correcting (QEC) circuits under low physical (component) failure rate regimes. Standard Monte Carlo is often the de facto approach for studying the failure rates of quantum circuits. However, in the study of fault-tolerant error-correcting circuits, the ability to extend this approach to low physical failure rates is limited. In particular, the use of Monte Carlo to access circuits that are relatively large or have high correcting power becomes more difficult as we lower the input failure rates of the individual components (gates) in the circuit. For these reasons, many simulations studying the circuit model go no lower than end-to-end logical failure rates in the 10 − 6 regime.In this report, we outline an approach that borrows from earlier work by Bravyi and Vargo \cite{bv13} to the more complex circuit noise model. Earlier works studied both the capacity and phenomenological noise models \cite{bv13,Beverland2019,bonilla2021xzzx}, but the work is insufficient for generating similar simulations in the circuit-noise model. To the best of our knowledge, our team is the first to develop a full prescription of the rare event simulation by splitting technique for the circuit-based noise model. We have also generated promising results that are confirmed by standard Monte Carlo simulation under an accessible regime. This work shows that we can access noise in the circuit-model prescription of quantum error-correcting code to failure rates below 10 − 20 regime.

Related

  1. Measurement and feedforward circuits from quantum error correcting codes
    Georgios Styliaris, Rahul Trivedi
    arXivPreprintarXiv licenceFull textQuantum physics & quantum informationarXiv
  2. One generation of the Standard Model as a quantum error-correcting code
    Shiroman Prakash, K. L. Ramya
    arXivPreprintarXiv licenceFull textGeneral mathematicsHigh-energy & particle physicsarXiv
  3. Topological Quantum Error-Correcting Thresholds of a Symmetry-Enriched Toric Code
    Jiasheng He, Ryan Thorngren
    arXivPreprintarXiv licenceFull textCondensed matterQuantum physics & quantum informationarXiv
  4. Self-testing of logical subspaces of quantum error-correcting codes
    Li-Yi Hsu, En-Jui Kuo
    New Journal of PhysicsPeer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Full textAtomic, molecular & optical physicsCrossref
  5. Quantum error-correcting code parameters, checkable by a certificate of provable size
    Shuoming An, Fusheng Yang
    arXivPreprintCC BY 4.0Full textQuantum physics & quantum informationarXiv

Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{mayer2026rare,
  title = {{Rare Event Simulation of Quantum Error-Correcting Circuits}},
  author = {Carolyn Mayer and Anand Ganti and Uzoma Onunkwo and Tzvetan Metodi and Benjamin Anker and Jacek Skryzalin},
  journal = {Quantum},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2026-10-15-2237},
  url = {https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2026-10-15-2237/},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rare Event Simulation of Quantum Error-Correcting Circuits
AU  - Carolyn Mayer
AU  - Anand Ganti
AU  - Uzoma Onunkwo
AU  - Tzvetan Metodi
AU  - Benjamin Anker
AU  - Jacek Skryzalin
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/15
JO  - Quantum
DO  - 10.22331/q-2026-10-15-2237
UR  - https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2026-10-15-2237/
AB  - We describe a practical approach for accessing the logical failure rates of quantum error-correcting (QEC) circuits under low physical (component) failure rate regimes. Standard Monte Carlo is often the de facto approach for studying the failure rates of quantum circuits. However, in the study of fault-tolerant error-correcting circuits, the ability to extend this approach to low physical failure rates is limited. In particular, the use of Monte Carlo to access circuits that are relatively large or have high correcting power becomes more difficult as we lower the input failure rates of the individual components (gates) in the circuit. For these reasons, many simulations studying the circuit model go no lower than end-to-end logical failure rates in the 10 − 6 regime.In this report, we outline an approach that borrows from earlier work by Bravyi and Vargo \cite{bv13} to the more complex circuit noise model. Earlier works studied both the capacity and phenomenological noise models \cite{bv13,Beverland2019,bonilla2021xzzx}, but the work is insufficient for generating similar simulations in the circuit-noise model. To the best of our knowledge, our team is the first to develop a full prescription of the rare event simulation by splitting technique for the circuit-based noise model. We have also generated promising results that are confirmed by standard Monte Carlo simulation under an accessible regime. This work shows that we can access noise in the circuit-model prescription of quantum error-correcting code to failure rates below 10 − 20 regime.
SN  - 2521-327X
ER  -