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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Advanced Science

Cavity‐Enhanced Eye‐Readable Detection of 0.1% H2 via Active Modulation of Charge‐Transfer Plasmons

  • Xuemin Zhang1
  • Shunsheng Ye1
  • Lubing Cai1
  • Chao Li1
  • Zheng Cai2
  • Jin Zhang3
  • Fei Liu4
  • Tieqiang Wang1
  • Boxin Wei2,5
  • Hongbo Zeng3
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China
  2. 2Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang People's Republic of China
  3. 3Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
  4. 4National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High‐Performance Metal Structure Material and Advanced Manufacturing Technology College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou People's Republic of China
  5. 5School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
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Abstract

Eye‐readable hydrogen sensors (EHSs) are essential for the safe deployment of hydrogen energy technologies, owing to their intuitive optical readout capabilities. Nevertheless, current plasmonic EHS designs are hindered by high critical discoloration concentrations (CDCs), slow response times, and inconsistent discoloration behavior. Herein, we present a Fabry‐Pérot cavity‐type EHS composed of close‐packed Au@Pd@oxide core‐shell nanoparticles that operates via a hydrogen‐induced charge‐transfer (HICT) mechanism. Hydrogen exposure reduces of the oxide shell of Au@Pd@oxide and forms Au@Pd, transforming the plasmonic resonance from a gap mode to a charge‐transfer mode, resulting in a vivid, reliable color change. This design achieves an ultra‐low CDC of 0.1% H2, a rapid response time of 4 s, and robust performance across diverse environmental conditions, surpassing U.S. Department of Energy safety targets. This work establishes HICT as a novel strategy for active plasmon modulation and highlights cavity‐engineered plasmonic architectures as promising platforms for next‐generation hydrogen safety sensors.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zhang2026cavityenhanced,
  title = {{Cavity‐Enhanced Eye‐Readable Detection of 0.1% H2 via Active Modulation of Charge‐Transfer Plasmons}},
  author = {Xuemin Zhang and Shunsheng Ye and Lubing Cai and Chao Li and Zheng Cai and Jin Zhang and Fei Liu and Tieqiang Wang and Boxin Wei and Hongbo Zeng},
  journal = {Advanced Science},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1002/advs.77338},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.77338},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cavity‐Enhanced Eye‐Readable Detection of 0.1% H2 via Active Modulation of Charge‐Transfer Plasmons
AU  - Xuemin Zhang
AU  - Shunsheng Ye
AU  - Lubing Cai
AU  - Chao Li
AU  - Zheng Cai
AU  - Jin Zhang
AU  - Fei Liu
AU  - Tieqiang Wang
AU  - Boxin Wei
AU  - Hongbo Zeng
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/27
JO  - Advanced Science
DO  - 10.1002/advs.77338
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.77338
AB  - Eye‐readable hydrogen sensors (EHSs) are essential for the safe deployment of hydrogen energy technologies, owing to their intuitive optical readout capabilities. Nevertheless, current plasmonic EHS designs are hindered by high critical discoloration concentrations (CDCs), slow response times, and inconsistent discoloration behavior. Herein, we present a Fabry‐Pérot cavity‐type EHS composed of close‐packed Au@Pd@oxide core‐shell nanoparticles that operates via a hydrogen‐induced charge‐transfer (HICT) mechanism. Hydrogen exposure reduces of the oxide shell of Au@Pd@oxide and forms Au@Pd, transforming the plasmonic resonance from a gap mode to a charge‐transfer mode, resulting in a vivid, reliable color change. This design achieves an ultra‐low CDC of 0.1% H2, a rapid response time of 4 s, and robust performance across diverse environmental conditions, surpassing U.S. Department of Energy safety targets. This work establishes HICT as a novel strategy for active plasmon modulation and highlights cavity‐engineered plasmonic architectures as promising platforms for next‐generation hydrogen safety sensors.
SN  - 2198-3844
ER  -