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PreprintCC BYChemRxiv

Correlative Analysis of Individual Suspended Photocatalyst Particles Enabled by Optical Particle Trapping with Electrochemical Sensing

  • Kevin Dunn1,2
  • Zhaokai Lin3,4
  • Madeleine Saint James1,2
  • Avishek Banik5,6
  • Alison Regina5,6
  • Francis Alcorn7
  • Bradley Layne5,8
  • Mahdi Hesari5,9
  • Yuichi Yamaguchi10,11
  • Akihiko Kudo10,11
  • Shane Ardo5,8
  • Alec Talin7
3 more authors
  • Justin Sambur5,6
  • Rohini Bala Chandran3,4
  • Daniel Esposito1,2
11 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Chemical Engineering
  2. 2Columbia University
  3. 3Department of Mechanical Engineering
  4. 4University of Michigan
  5. 5Department of Chemistry
  6. 6Colorado State University
  7. 7Sandia National Laboratories
  8. 8University of California, Irvine
  9. 9State University of New York at Oswego
  10. 10Department of Applied Chemistry
  11. 11Tokyo University of Science
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Abstract

In particulate photocatalysis, typical experiments involve billions to trillions of particles that possess highly heterogeneous properties, making it difficult to uncover mechanisms and structure-property relationships at the single-particle level. Additionally, existing single-particle measurement techniques become limited by the need to anchor particles to substrates and lack the ability to control interparticle spacing and interactions. Herein, we describe a multi-modal technique called optical particle trapping with electrochemical sensing (OPTECS), whereby the distributions of product generation rates from fully wetted, individual photocatalyst particles are measured using microelectrode sensors while simultaneously recording their luminescent characteristics. Using doped bismuth vanadate and strontium titanate as model particulate photocatalysts towards overall water splitting, OPTECS is used to reveal (i) hidden correlations between single particle luminescence intensity and photoactivity, and (ii) the presence of optically stimulated electrochemiluminescence (OSECL), which is leveraged to quantify rates of undesired back reactions, a key loss mechanism in particulate photocatalysis.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{dunn2026correlative,
  title = {{Correlative Analysis of Individual Suspended Photocatalyst Particles Enabled by Optical Particle Trapping with Electrochemical Sensing}},
  author = {Kevin Dunn and Zhaokai Lin and Madeleine Saint James and Avishek Banik and Alison Regina and Francis Alcorn and Bradley Layne and Mahdi Hesari and Yuichi Yamaguchi and Akihiko Kudo and Shane Ardo and Alec Talin and Justin Sambur and Rohini Bala Chandran and Daniel Esposito},
  howpublished = {ChemRxiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.26434/chemrxiv.15005523/v2},
  url = {https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15005523/v2},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Correlative Analysis of Individual Suspended Photocatalyst Particles Enabled by Optical Particle Trapping with Electrochemical Sensing
AU  - Kevin Dunn
AU  - Zhaokai Lin
AU  - Madeleine Saint James
AU  - Avishek Banik
AU  - Alison Regina
AU  - Francis Alcorn
AU  - Bradley Layne
AU  - Mahdi Hesari
AU  - Yuichi Yamaguchi
AU  - Akihiko Kudo
AU  - Shane Ardo
AU  - Alec Talin
AU  - Justin Sambur
AU  - Rohini Bala Chandran
AU  - Daniel Esposito
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/16
PB  - ChemRxiv
DO  - 10.26434/chemrxiv.15005523/v2
UR  - https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15005523/v2
AB  - In particulate photocatalysis, typical experiments involve billions to trillions of particles that possess highly heterogeneous properties, making it difficult to uncover mechanisms and structure-property relationships at the single-particle level. Additionally, existing single-particle measurement techniques become limited by the need to anchor particles to substrates and lack the ability to control interparticle spacing and interactions. Herein, we describe a multi-modal technique called optical particle trapping with electrochemical sensing (OPTECS), whereby the distributions of product generation rates from fully wetted, individual photocatalyst particles are measured using microelectrode sensors while simultaneously recording their luminescent characteristics. Using doped bismuth vanadate and strontium titanate as model particulate photocatalysts towards overall water splitting, OPTECS is used to reveal (i) hidden correlations between single particle luminescence intensity and photoactivity, and (ii) the presence of optically stimulated electrochemiluminescence (OSECL), which is leveraged to quantify rates of undesired back reactions, a key loss mechanism in particulate photocatalysis.
ER  -