Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels: From Strategic Design to Biomedical Applications.
- 1Department of Basic Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
- 2Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
- 3School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
Abstract
Multi-stimuli-responsive hydrogels have emerged as versatile biomaterial platforms for biomedical applications owing to their capacity to recognize and respond to multiple environmental signals. Such integration can provide responsiveness to signals that vary spatially and temporally. However, the effectiveness of such integrated systems requires more than simply incorporating signal-recognition components: the response characteristics of individual components must be preserved after integration and translated into measurable network-level changes rather than inferred from component-level sensitivity alone. This review develops a structure-response-application framework for multi-stimuli-responsive biomedical hydrogels. Strategies based on responsive polymer segments, dynamic covalent bonds, and functional nanocomposites are examined according to how responsive components are structurally integrated and coordinated to achieve application-specific functions. By connecting component integration with biomedical function, this cross-scale framework provides criteria for selecting integration strategies and assessing whether multiple responses are functionally coordinated rather than merely coincident.
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BibTeX
@article{yi2026multistimuliresponsive,
title = {{Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels: From Strategic Design to Biomedical Applications.}},
author = {Sijing Yi and Hao-Ying Li and Ru Chang},
journal = {Gels (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/gels12100906},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42929940},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels: From Strategic Design to Biomedical Applications.
AU - Sijing Yi
AU - Hao-Ying Li
AU - Ru Chang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/08
JO - Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
DO - 10.3390/gels12100906
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42929940
AB - Multi-stimuli-responsive hydrogels have emerged as versatile biomaterial platforms for biomedical applications owing to their capacity to recognize and respond to multiple environmental signals. Such integration can provide responsiveness to signals that vary spatially and temporally. However, the effectiveness of such integrated systems requires more than simply incorporating signal-recognition components: the response characteristics of individual components must be preserved after integration and translated into measurable network-level changes rather than inferred from component-level sensitivity alone. This review develops a structure-response-application framework for multi-stimuli-responsive biomedical hydrogels. Strategies based on responsive polymer segments, dynamic covalent bonds, and functional nanocomposites are examined according to how responsive components are structurally integrated and coordinated to achieve application-specific functions. By connecting component integration with biomedical function, this cross-scale framework provides criteria for selecting integration strategies and assessing whether multiple responses are functionally coordinated rather than merely coincident.
SN - 2310-2861
ER -