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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Catalysts

Integrated Electro/Fe3+/Peroxydisulfate Treatment for Sulfamethazine Degradation and Biodegradability Enhancement

  • Amina Ledjeri
  • Katia Madi
  • Idris Yahiaoui
  • Amine Aymen Assadi
  • Mohammod Hafizur Rahman
  • Abdeltif Amrane
  • Farida Aissani-Benissad
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Abstract

This study investigates the degradation and mineralization of sulfamethazine (SMT) by an electrochemically assisted Fe3+/persulfate (electro/Fe3+/PDS) process. Experiments were conducted in a single-compartment electrochemical cell equipped with a carbon felt anode and a stainless steel cathode under constant current conditions. Compared with PDS alone and Fe3+/PDS, the combined electro/Fe3+/PDS system exhibited a strong synergistic effect, achieving up to 89.4% SMT removal within 90 min at a current intensity of 1.6 A. The enhanced performance was attributed to electrochemical Fe2+ regeneration enabling continuous activation of persulfate and generation of sulfate radicals (SO4 center dot-). Operational parameters significantly influenced process efficiency. Increasing current intensity accelerated SMT degradation but reduced mineralization efficiency due to parasitic reactions. Under optimized conditions (I = 3 A and [Fe3+] = 1 mM), SMT degradation reached 96.83% after 60 min, while the mineralization yield attained 72.05%. Excess iron promoted radical scavenging. Similarly, a PDS concentration of 5 mM was sufficient, with higher dosages leading to self-scavenging effects. Kinetic analysis followed a pseudo first order model, with apparent rate constants decreasing at higher SMT concentrations due to radical competition. Biodegradability assays revealed a substantial increase in the BOD5/COD ratio from initially low values to 0.34 after 300 min of pretreatment, indicating improved suitability for biological post-treatment. Overall, the electro/Fe3+/PDS process represents an efficient pre-oxidation strategy for the removal of refractory antibiotics from aqueous media.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{ledjeri2026integrated,
  title = {{Integrated Electro/Fe3+/Peroxydisulfate Treatment for Sulfamethazine Degradation and Biodegradability Enhancement}},
  author = {Amina Ledjeri and Katia Madi and Idris Yahiaoui and Amine Aymen Assadi and Mohammod Hafizur Rahman and Abdeltif Amrane and Farida Aissani-Benissad},
  journal = {Catalysts},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/catal16060553},
  url = {https://hal.science/hal-05683599v1},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Integrated Electro/Fe3+/Peroxydisulfate Treatment for Sulfamethazine Degradation and Biodegradability Enhancement
AU  - Amina Ledjeri
AU  - Katia Madi
AU  - Idris Yahiaoui
AU  - Amine Aymen Assadi
AU  - Mohammod Hafizur Rahman
AU  - Abdeltif Amrane
AU  - Farida Aissani-Benissad
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/16
JO  - Catalysts
DO  - 10.3390/catal16060553
UR  - https://hal.science/hal-05683599v1
AB  - This study investigates the degradation and mineralization of sulfamethazine (SMT) by an electrochemically assisted Fe3+/persulfate (electro/Fe3+/PDS) process. Experiments were conducted in a single-compartment electrochemical cell equipped with a carbon felt anode and a stainless steel cathode under constant current conditions. Compared with PDS alone and Fe3+/PDS, the combined electro/Fe3+/PDS system exhibited a strong synergistic effect, achieving up to 89.4% SMT removal within 90 min at a current intensity of 1.6 A. The enhanced performance was attributed to electrochemical Fe2+ regeneration enabling continuous activation of persulfate and generation of sulfate radicals (SO4 center dot-). Operational parameters significantly influenced process efficiency. Increasing current intensity accelerated SMT degradation but reduced mineralization efficiency due to parasitic reactions. Under optimized conditions (I = 3 A and [Fe3+] = 1 mM), SMT degradation reached 96.83% after 60 min, while the mineralization yield attained 72.05%. Excess iron promoted radical scavenging. Similarly, a PDS concentration of 5 mM was sufficient, with higher dosages leading to self-scavenging effects. Kinetic analysis followed a pseudo first order model, with apparent rate constants decreasing at higher SMT concentrations due to radical competition. Biodegradability assays revealed a substantial increase in the BOD5/COD ratio from initially low values to 0.34 after 300 min of pretreatment, indicating improved suitability for biological post-treatment. Overall, the electro/Fe3+/PDS process represents an efficient pre-oxidation strategy for the removal of refractory antibiotics from aqueous media.
SN  - 2073-4344
ER  -