Advances in Co₃O₄-based electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors: structure design, mechanisms, and future perspectives
- 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
Abstract
Transition metal oxides (TMOs) have attracted considerable interest as supercapacitor electrodes due to their high theoretical capacitance and reversible redox activity. Among them, cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) stands out for its multiple oxidation states and favorable electrochemical properties. However, challenges such as limited conductivity and structural instability during cycling hinder its practical application. This review addresses these gaps by systematically analyzing recent advances in Co₃O₄-based materials, focusing on how synthesis strategies and morphological engineering influence electrochemical performance. Special attention is given to nanostructuring, composite formation, and dimensional control, which enhance ion transport and conductivity. Furthermore, the review discusses charge storage mechanisms and identifies critical limitations, proposing future research directions such as metal doping, hybrid device design, and scalable synthesis for industrial integration. By consolidating these insights, this work provides a roadmap for optimizing Co₃O₄-based electrodes for next-generation supercapacitors.
Related
- Design and optimization of CdS-CeO₂ composite electrodes for enhanced electrochemical performance for asymmetric supercapacitors.
- Co2(OH)3Cl/Nb2CT x : Advanced Composite Electrodes for High-Performance Aqueous Asymmetric Supercapacitors
- From hard carbon to activated carbon: influence of surface area and pore structure on the electrochemical performance of coconut rachis-derived supercapacitor electrodes
- Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)@Siloxene Nanosheet Composite Electrodes for High-Stability Flexible Supercapacitors
- Hybrid Joining Technologies for Composites: Mechanisms, Performance, Challenges, and Perspectives
BibTeX
@article{podder2026advances,
title = {{Advances in Co₃O₄-based electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors: structure design, mechanisms, and future perspectives}},
author = {Jiban Podder and Madhu Agarwal and Ajay K. Dalai},
journal = {Journal of Energy Storage},
year = {2026},
month = may,
doi = {10.1016/j.est.2026.122703},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2026.122703},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Advances in Co₃O₄-based electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors: structure design, mechanisms, and future perspectives
AU - Jiban Podder
AU - Madhu Agarwal
AU - Ajay K. Dalai
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/28
JO - Journal of Energy Storage
DO - 10.1016/j.est.2026.122703
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2026.122703
AB - Transition metal oxides (TMOs) have attracted considerable interest as supercapacitor electrodes due to their high theoretical capacitance and reversible redox activity. Among them, cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) stands out for its multiple oxidation states and favorable electrochemical properties. However, challenges such as limited conductivity and structural instability during cycling hinder its practical application. This review addresses these gaps by systematically analyzing recent advances in Co₃O₄-based materials, focusing on how synthesis strategies and morphological engineering influence electrochemical performance. Special attention is given to nanostructuring, composite formation, and dimensional control, which enhance ion transport and conductivity. Furthermore, the review discusses charge storage mechanisms and identifies critical limitations, proposing future research directions such as metal doping, hybrid device design, and scalable synthesis for industrial integration. By consolidating these insights, this work provides a roadmap for optimizing Co₃O₄-based electrodes for next-generation supercapacitors.
SN - 2352-152X
SN - 2352-1538
ER -