Diclofenac Removal by Actinobacterial Strains and Ecotoxicological Responses
4 affiliations
- 1Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
- 2Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- 3Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
- 4Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is a widely detected pharmaceutical whose persistence and biologically active transformation products raise environmental concern. This study evaluated DCF tolerance and removal by actinobacterial strains and integrated chemical performance with plant- and earthworm-based ecotoxicological responses. Phenotypic screening at 1, 5, and 10 g L−1 DCF revealed strain- and concentration-dependent responses in growth, sporulation, and pigment production, with Streptomyces sp. E5N50 and Streptomyces sp. Z2 selected for further study. In liquid assays, after 5 days of incubation, only low biomass production was observed when 50 mg L−1 DCF was supplied without glucose, relative to glucose-containing controls. E5N50 showed modest DCF removal (approximately 23–26%), while Z2 achieved 90.8% in glucose-supplemented medium and about 70% when glucose and ammonium were supplied. A seven-day time-course study with Streptomyces sp. Z2 showed that DCF removal continued after biomass had reached its maximum, suggesting that the process was not exclusively growth-associated. Ecotoxicological responses were organism- and endpoint-dependent. The glucose + DCF + Z2 treatment, associated with the highest DCF removal, significantly increased tomato radicle elongation, whereas glucose + ammonium + DCF + Z2 produced the most favorable Eisenia fetida response, with significantly reduced body-mass loss and increased coelomocyte abundance despite the lower DCF removal removalobserved in this treatment. Overall, Z2 exhibited potential for DCF removal under defined laboratory liquid-culture conditions, and the combined chemical and biological assessment highlighted that parent-compound removal and ecotoxicological improvement provide complementary measures of remediation performance.
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BibTeX
@article{holc2026diclofenac,
title = {{Diclofenac Removal by Actinobacterial Strains and Ecotoxicological Responses}},
author = {Victoria Guadalupe Gonzalez Holc and María Alejandra Small and Gonzalo Arnau and Sylvie Lautru and Jean-Luc Pernodet and Juan Daniel Aparicio and Marta Alejandra Polti},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/ijms27219952},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9952},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Diclofenac Removal by Actinobacterial Strains and Ecotoxicological Responses
AU - Victoria Guadalupe Gonzalez Holc
AU - María Alejandra Small
AU - Gonzalo Arnau
AU - Sylvie Lautru
AU - Jean-Luc Pernodet
AU - Juan Daniel Aparicio
AU - Marta Alejandra Polti
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/06
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO - 10.3390/ijms27219952
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9952
AB - Diclofenac (DCF) is a widely detected pharmaceutical whose persistence and biologically active transformation products raise environmental concern. This study evaluated DCF tolerance and removal by actinobacterial strains and integrated chemical performance with plant- and earthworm-based ecotoxicological responses. Phenotypic screening at 1, 5, and 10 g L−1 DCF revealed strain- and concentration-dependent responses in growth, sporulation, and pigment production, with Streptomyces sp. E5N50 and Streptomyces sp. Z2 selected for further study. In liquid assays, after 5 days of incubation, only low biomass production was observed when 50 mg L−1 DCF was supplied without glucose, relative to glucose-containing controls. E5N50 showed modest DCF removal (approximately 23–26%), while Z2 achieved 90.8% in glucose-supplemented medium and about 70% when glucose and ammonium were supplied. A seven-day time-course study with Streptomyces sp. Z2 showed that DCF removal continued after biomass had reached its maximum, suggesting that the process was not exclusively growth-associated. Ecotoxicological responses were organism- and endpoint-dependent. The glucose + DCF + Z2 treatment, associated with the highest DCF removal, significantly increased tomato radicle elongation, whereas glucose + ammonium + DCF + Z2 produced the most favorable Eisenia fetida response, with significantly reduced body-mass loss and increased coelomocyte abundance despite the lower DCF removal removalobserved in this treatment. Overall, Z2 exhibited potential for DCF removal under defined laboratory liquid-culture conditions, and the combined chemical and biological assessment highlighted that parent-compound removal and ecotoxicological improvement provide complementary measures of remediation performance.
SN - 1422-0067
ER -