Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Bone Regeneration: Modification Strategies and miRNA-Mediated Modulation of Osteogenic Signaling
- 1Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia
Abstract
Bone tissue regeneration remains a major clinical challenge, and exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as attractive cell-free therapeutic tools. To enhance their efficacy and local action, exosomes can be modified to enrich them with regulatory factors and impregnated into biocompatible matrices. This review summarizes recent advances in engineering MSC-derived exosomes for bone regeneration. Strategies analyzed include physicochemical modification of donor MSCs, direct exosome modification, and genetic modification of MSCs to enrich exosomes with therapeutic molecules such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and regulatory miRNAs. In addition, the role of these miRNAs in osteogenic signaling was analyzed. Modified exosomes demonstrate enhanced osteogenic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, particularly when combined with biomaterial scaffolds for sustained release. Thus, engineered MSC-derived exosomes constitute an effective approach for bone tissue engineering and show potential for clinical translation.
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BibTeX
@article{meglei2026mesenchymal,
title = {{Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Bone Regeneration: Modification Strategies and miRNA-Mediated Modulation of Osteogenic Signaling}},
author = {Anastasiia Meglei and Daria Paymeteva and Irina Nedorubova and Viktoriia Basina and Dmitry Goldshtein and Tatiana Bukharova},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/ijms27219486},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9486},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Bone Regeneration: Modification Strategies and miRNA-Mediated Modulation of Osteogenic Signaling
AU - Anastasiia Meglei
AU - Daria Paymeteva
AU - Irina Nedorubova
AU - Viktoriia Basina
AU - Dmitry Goldshtein
AU - Tatiana Bukharova
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/23
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO - 10.3390/ijms27219486
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9486
AB - Bone tissue regeneration remains a major clinical challenge, and exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as attractive cell-free therapeutic tools. To enhance their efficacy and local action, exosomes can be modified to enrich them with regulatory factors and impregnated into biocompatible matrices. This review summarizes recent advances in engineering MSC-derived exosomes for bone regeneration. Strategies analyzed include physicochemical modification of donor MSCs, direct exosome modification, and genetic modification of MSCs to enrich exosomes with therapeutic molecules such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and regulatory miRNAs. In addition, the role of these miRNAs in osteogenic signaling was analyzed. Modified exosomes demonstrate enhanced osteogenic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, particularly when combined with biomaterial scaffolds for sustained release. Thus, engineered MSC-derived exosomes constitute an effective approach for bone tissue engineering and show potential for clinical translation.
SN - 1422-0067
ER -