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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Biomolecules

A VEGF/BMP-6-Functionalized PLGA Scaffold Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Bone Regeneration in a Chicken Femoral Defect Model

  • Jae Sung Suh1
  • Ching Ju Li1
  • Vedavathi Madhu1
  • Adam S. Wilson1
  • Weitao Wang1
  • Te-Feng A. Chou1
  • Xinlin Yang1
  • Abhijit S. Dighe1
  • Quanjun Cui1
  1. 1Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Abstract

Repair of critical-sized bone defects remains challenging because successful regeneration requires both osteogenesis and vascular support. This study investigated whether a biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold functionalized with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6), combined with chicken bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), could enhance bone regeneration. Porous PLGA scaffolds were functionalized with VEGF and BMP-6, seeded with MSCs, and implanted into surgically created chicken femoral defects. Bone regeneration was evaluated after eight weeks by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis. The effects of VEGF and BMP-6 on MSC osteogenic differentiation were further assessed by Alizarin Red S staining and quantitative real-time PCR. Among the treatment groups, VEGF/BMP-6-functionalized scaffolds combined with MSCs produced the greatest bone volume and most extensive defect bridging. In vitro, VEGF and BMP-6 modulated matrix mineralization and osteogenic marker expression. These findings demonstrate the regenerative potential of a multifunctional PLGA-based construct integrating growth-factor functionalization and MSC transplantation. Because an MSC-only scaffold group was not included, the individual contributions of MSCs and growth-factor functionalization to the enhanced in vivo response cannot be distinguished.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{suh2026vegfbmp6functionalized,
  title = {{A VEGF/BMP-6-Functionalized PLGA Scaffold Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Bone Regeneration in a Chicken Femoral Defect Model}},
  author = {Jae Sung Suh and Ching Ju Li and Vedavathi Madhu and Adam S. Wilson and Weitao Wang and Te-Feng A. Chou and Xinlin Yang and Abhijit S. Dighe and Quanjun Cui},
  journal = {Biomolecules},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/biom16111556},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/16/11/1556},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - A VEGF/BMP-6-Functionalized PLGA Scaffold Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Bone Regeneration in a Chicken Femoral Defect Model
AU  - Jae Sung Suh
AU  - Ching Ju Li
AU  - Vedavathi Madhu
AU  - Adam S. Wilson
AU  - Weitao Wang
AU  - Te-Feng A. Chou
AU  - Xinlin Yang
AU  - Abhijit S. Dighe
AU  - Quanjun Cui
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
JO  - Biomolecules
DO  - 10.3390/biom16111556
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/16/11/1556
AB  - Repair of critical-sized bone defects remains challenging because successful regeneration requires both osteogenesis and vascular support. This study investigated whether a biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold functionalized with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6), combined with chicken bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), could enhance bone regeneration. Porous PLGA scaffolds were functionalized with VEGF and BMP-6, seeded with MSCs, and implanted into surgically created chicken femoral defects. Bone regeneration was evaluated after eight weeks by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis. The effects of VEGF and BMP-6 on MSC osteogenic differentiation were further assessed by Alizarin Red S staining and quantitative real-time PCR. Among the treatment groups, VEGF/BMP-6-functionalized scaffolds combined with MSCs produced the greatest bone volume and most extensive defect bridging. In vitro, VEGF and BMP-6 modulated matrix mineralization and osteogenic marker expression. These findings demonstrate the regenerative potential of a multifunctional PLGA-based construct integrating growth-factor functionalization and MSC transplantation. Because an MSC-only scaffold group was not included, the individual contributions of MSCs and growth-factor functionalization to the enhanced in vivo response cannot be distinguished.
SN  - 2218-273X
ER  -