Quadrature-detected zero-to-ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance
Abstract
We present the concept of quadrature-detected zero-to-ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (QD ZULF NMR). Two orthogonal sensors, atomic optically pumped magnetometers, are used to separately detect components of oscillating sample magnetization, which are then combined into a quadrature signal. This approach enables the distinction of positive and negative resonance frequencies with respect to the laboratory frame---such that absolute signs of gyromagnetic ratios can be determined. In addition, QD ZULF NMR reduces peak density and overlap compared to ZULF NMR with single-axis detection, while providing richer information about nuclear-spin dynamics. As an illustration, we present experimental J-spectra for thermally polarized [13C]-formic acid and [13C]-methanol, compounds commonly used in ZULF NMR which represent XA and XA3 spin systems, respectively. A theoretical framework describing QD ZULF NMR signals is provided.
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BibTeX
@misc{fabricant2026quadraturedetected,
title = {{Quadrature-detected zero-to-ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance}},
author = {Anne M. Fabricant and Florin Teleanu and Adam Ortmeier and Piotr Put and Seth Dilday and Alexej Jerschow and Dmitry Budker and Thomas Theis and Danila A. Barskiy},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.14451},
eprint = {2610.14451},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14451},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Quadrature-detected zero-to-ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance
AU - Anne M. Fabricant
AU - Florin Teleanu
AU - Adam Ortmeier
AU - Piotr Put
AU - Seth Dilday
AU - Alexej Jerschow
AU - Dmitry Budker
AU - Thomas Theis
AU - Danila A. Barskiy
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/10
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.14451
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14451
AB - We present the concept of quadrature-detected zero-to-ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (QD ZULF NMR). Two orthogonal sensors, atomic optically pumped magnetometers, are used to separately detect components of oscillating sample magnetization, which are then combined into a quadrature signal. This approach enables the distinction of positive and negative resonance frequencies with respect to the laboratory frame---such that absolute signs of gyromagnetic ratios can be determined. In addition, QD ZULF NMR reduces peak density and overlap compared to ZULF NMR with single-axis detection, while providing richer information about nuclear-spin dynamics. As an illustration, we present experimental J-spectra for thermally polarized [^13C]-formic acid and [^13C]-methanol, compounds commonly used in ZULF NMR which represent XA and XA_3 spin systems, respectively. A theoretical framework describing QD ZULF NMR signals is provided.
ER -