Green synthesis of copper oxide using Litchi chinensis leaf extract and nanocomposite formation with MXene for antimicrobial and antinematicidal activity.
5 affiliations
- 1Department of Chemistry, Hazara University Mansehra 21300 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan [email protected].
- 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia.
- 3State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 PR China.
- 4Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra 21300 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.
- 5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an eco-friendly CuO-loaded Ti₃C₂T x MXene nanocomposite using Litchi chinensis leaf extract and evaluate its potential for antimicrobial and antinematicidal applications. The objective was to employ a green synthesis strategy in which the leaf extract served as a natural reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent for CuO nanoparticle formation, while Ti₃C₂T x MXene was prepared from Ti₃AlC₂ through chemical etching. The CuO/MXene nanocomposite was fabricated by dispersing CuO nanoparticles with MXene to obtain a hybrid material with improved physicochemical and biological performance. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of plant-derived functional groups and Cu-O bonding, indicating the successful formation and surface stabilization of CuO nanoparticles. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of CuO; SEM showed CuO nanoparticles ranging from 82.82-147.53 nm, MXene sheets around 696.04-740.39 nm, and CuO/MXene particles between 118.03 and 134.37 nm. TGA showed high thermal stability with residues of 88.7% for CuO, 93.5% for MXene, and 85.22% for CuO/MXene. Antibacterial results showed inhibition zones of 11 mm for CuO against S. aureus and 8 mm against E. coli, while CuO/MXene showed 8 mm and 7 mm, respectively. Antinematicidal activity against C. elegans reached 45.67% for CuO, 67.67% for MXene, and 63% for CuO/MXene at 100 µg µl⁻¹. Overall, the study revealed that the synthesized nanocomposites may serve as promising future bioagents.
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BibTeX
@article{zameer2026green,
title = {{Green synthesis of copper oxide using Litchi chinensis leaf extract and nanocomposite formation with MXene for antimicrobial and antinematicidal activity.}},
author = {Rida Zameer and Wajid Rehman and Liaqat Rasheed and Thoraya A Farghaly and Muhammad Shakeel and Muhammed Sajid and Abdullah Y A Alzahrani},
journal = {RSC advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1039/d6ra08195a},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898676},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Green synthesis of copper oxide using Litchi chinensis leaf extract and nanocomposite formation with MXene for antimicrobial and antinematicidal activity.
AU - Rida Zameer
AU - Wajid Rehman
AU - Liaqat Rasheed
AU - Thoraya A Farghaly
AU - Muhammad Shakeel
AU - Muhammed Sajid
AU - Abdullah Y A Alzahrani
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/19
JO - RSC advances
DO - 10.1039/d6ra08195a
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898676
AB - This study aimed to develop an eco-friendly CuO-loaded Ti₃C₂T x MXene nanocomposite using Litchi chinensis leaf extract and evaluate its potential for antimicrobial and antinematicidal applications. The objective was to employ a green synthesis strategy in which the leaf extract served as a natural reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent for CuO nanoparticle formation, while Ti₃C₂T x MXene was prepared from Ti₃AlC₂ through chemical etching. The CuO/MXene nanocomposite was fabricated by dispersing CuO nanoparticles with MXene to obtain a hybrid material with improved physicochemical and biological performance. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of plant-derived functional groups and Cu-O bonding, indicating the successful formation and surface stabilization of CuO nanoparticles. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of CuO; SEM showed CuO nanoparticles ranging from 82.82-147.53 nm, MXene sheets around 696.04-740.39 nm, and CuO/MXene particles between 118.03 and 134.37 nm. TGA showed high thermal stability with residues of 88.7% for CuO, 93.5% for MXene, and 85.22% for CuO/MXene. Antibacterial results showed inhibition zones of 11 mm for CuO against S. aureus and 8 mm against E. coli, while CuO/MXene showed 8 mm and 7 mm, respectively. Antinematicidal activity against C. elegans reached 45.67% for CuO, 67.67% for MXene, and 63% for CuO/MXene at 100 µg µl⁻¹. Overall, the study revealed that the synthesized nanocomposites may serve as promising future bioagents.
SN - 2046-2069
ER -