Effects of dietary supplementation with Enterococcus faecalis JM263 on growth performance, antioxidant status, rumen microbiota and metabolism in yaks.
6 affiliations
- 1Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000, China.
- 2College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
- 3Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Service Station of Nyainrong County, Nagqu City, Xizang, Nagqu City, Nyainrong County, 853500, China.
- 4Xizang Agri-Investment Lingmu Breeding Co., Ltd, Lhasa, 850000, China.
- 5Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000, China. [email protected].
- 6Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000, China. [email protected].
Abstract
Background
Yaks are vital to the ecology and economy of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The unique environmental conditions of this high-altitude region have shaped yaks, leading to significant differences in their evolution from other cattle species. From yak gut contents, we isolated Enterococcus faecalis JM263, a novel probiotic with strong fiber-degrading ability. To investigate the effects of E. faecalis JM263 on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, rumen microbiome, and metabolites of captive yaks, we randomly allocated 32-day-old yak calves weighing 84.5 ± 3.1 kg into three distinct groups: the control group (CK) fed a basal diet, Experimental Group 1 (CYL) received a test diet supplemented with 1 mL of E. faecalis JM263 (7.0 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) in the basal diet, and Experimental Group 2 (CYH) received a test diet supplemented with 1 mL of E. faecalis JM263 (14.0 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) in the basal diet. The experimental period lasted 60 days.Results
Compared with the CK group, the CYL group showed significantly higher final weight and average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05), while the CYH group exhibited no significant changes (P > 0.05). Total Antioxidant Capacity (T-AOC) in both CYL and CYH groups was significantly higher than that in the CK group (P < 0.05). while GSH-Px levels in the CYL group were significantly higher than both CK and CYH groups (P < 0.05). 16 S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that supplementation with E. faecalis JM263 significantly altered rumen microbial communities in yaks. 16 S rRNA results indicated significantly increased relative abundances of Saccharofermentans, Succiniclasticum, Methanobrevibacter, NK4A214_group, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (P < 0.05), while relative abundances of Butyrivibrio and F082 significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis revealed significant upregulation (P < 0.05) of metabolites including, S(-)-Cathinone, Anisomycin, (+)-Muscarine cation, and Deoxyadenosine, in both CYL and CYH groups compared to the CK group, indicating enhanced microbial activity. The CYH group also exhibited significant upregulation of S(-)-Cathinone and (-)-Epinephrine (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis between rumen microorganisms and metabolites revealed that 2'-deoxyadenosine, phosphorylcholine, and choline cation were significantly positively correlated with bacterial taxa such as Saccharofermentans. In contrast, hypoxanthine was significantly negatively correlated with Succiniclasticum, Methanobrevibacter, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, NK4A214_group, and Saccharofermentans.Conclusion
Supplementation with E. faecalis JM263 not only improved the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of yaks, but also reshaped the rumen metabolic profile while maintaining microbial community stability, and promoted microbe-metabolite interactions, thereby jointly contributing to the regulation of rumen homeostasis.
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BibTeX
@article{peng2026effects,
title = {{Effects of dietary supplementation with Enterococcus faecalis JM263 on growth performance, antioxidant status, rumen microbiota and metabolism in yaks.}},
author = {Yandi Peng and Yangji Cidan and Guifang Liu and Dan Wu and Dengyun Wang and Duoji Cidan and Fei Gao and Shijun Wen and Zhuoma Cisang and Yanbin Zhu},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1186/s12866-026-05478-7},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42972220},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Effects of dietary supplementation with Enterococcus faecalis JM263 on growth performance, antioxidant status, rumen microbiota and metabolism in yaks.
AU - Yandi Peng
AU - Yangji Cidan
AU - Guifang Liu
AU - Dan Wu
AU - Dengyun Wang
AU - Duoji Cidan
AU - Fei Gao
AU - Shijun Wen
AU - Zhuoma Cisang
AU - Yanbin Zhu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/05
JO - BMC microbiology
DO - 10.1186/s12866-026-05478-7
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42972220
AB - Background Yaks are vital to the ecology and economy of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The unique environmental conditions of this high-altitude region have shaped yaks, leading to significant differences in their evolution from other cattle species. From yak gut contents, we isolated Enterococcus faecalis JM263, a novel probiotic with strong fiber-degrading ability. To investigate the effects of E. faecalis JM263 on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, rumen microbiome, and metabolites of captive yaks, we randomly allocated 32-day-old yak calves weighing 84.5 ± 3.1 kg into three distinct groups: the control group (CK) fed a basal diet, Experimental Group 1 (CYL) received a test diet supplemented with 1 mL of E. faecalis JM263 (7.0 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) in the basal diet, and Experimental Group 2 (CYH) received a test diet supplemented with 1 mL of E. faecalis JM263 (14.0 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) in the basal diet. The experimental period lasted 60 days.Results Compared with the CK group, the CYL group showed significantly higher final weight and average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05), while the CYH group exhibited no significant changes (P > 0.05). Total Antioxidant Capacity (T-AOC) in both CYL and CYH groups was significantly higher than that in the CK group (P < 0.05). while GSH-Px levels in the CYL group were significantly higher than both CK and CYH groups (P < 0.05). 16 S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that supplementation with E. faecalis JM263 significantly altered rumen microbial communities in yaks. 16 S rRNA results indicated significantly increased relative abundances of Saccharofermentans, Succiniclasticum, Methanobrevibacter, NK4A214_group, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (P < 0.05), while relative abundances of Butyrivibrio and F082 significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis revealed significant upregulation (P < 0.05) of metabolites including, S(-)-Cathinone, Anisomycin, (+)-Muscarine cation, and Deoxyadenosine, in both CYL and CYH groups compared to the CK group, indicating enhanced microbial activity. The CYH group also exhibited significant upregulation of S(-)-Cathinone and (-)-Epinephrine (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis between rumen microorganisms and metabolites revealed that 2'-deoxyadenosine, phosphorylcholine, and choline cation were significantly positively correlated with bacterial taxa such as Saccharofermentans. In contrast, hypoxanthine was significantly negatively correlated with Succiniclasticum, Methanobrevibacter, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, NK4A214_group, and Saccharofermentans.Conclusion Supplementation with E. faecalis JM263 not only improved the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of yaks, but also reshaped the rumen metabolic profile while maintaining microbial community stability, and promoted microbe-metabolite interactions, thereby jointly contributing to the regulation of rumen homeostasis.
SN - 1471-2180
ER -