Optimization of the Technology of Suppositories with CO2 Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and In Vitro Evaluation of Chamazulene Release
5 affiliations
- 1School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Gogol 40, Karaganda 100000, Kazakhstan
- 2Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, K. Turysov Institute of Geology and Oil and Gas Engineering, Satbayev University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
- 3Department of Fundamental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, Petropavl 150000, Kazakhstan
- 4Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Evidence Based Medicine, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100000, Kazakhstan
- 5Department of Oncology and Radiation Diagnostics, Karaganda Medical University, Amanzholov 189, Karaganda 100000, Kazakhstan
Abstract
This study investigated manufacturing conditions for suppositories containing a CO2 extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. herb, using a previously developed formulation, and evaluated a gas chromatography procedure with flame ionization detection (GC–FID) for quantitative marker determination. The effects of key manufacturing parameters were evaluated, and the optimal conditions for base preparation were determined as 70 °C and 120 rpm for 12 min; increasing the agitation speed to 150 rpm did not reduce the processing time. Extract concentrate preparation at 37 °C and 60 rpm required 25 min to achieve visually assessed homogeneity. At 60 rpm, prior concentrate preparation reduced the subsequent mixing time of the suppository mass from 100 to 20 min at each investigated temperature (37, 45, and 60 °C), excluding the time required to prepare the concentrate. Cooling at 8 °C for 60 min was selected on the basis of mechanical-strength measurements. Agar diffusion experiments provided a comparative assessment of the diffusion of colored extract constituents rather than a quantitative measure of chamazulene release or bioavailability. The findings identify candidate manufacturing conditions for further evaluation. Confirmation of marker identity, analytical validity, quantitative content uniformity, and long-term stability is required before reliable product standardization can be established.
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BibTeX
@article{medeshova2026optimization,
title = {{Optimization of the Technology of Suppositories with CO2 Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and In Vitro Evaluation of Chamazulene Release}},
author = {Aigul Medeshova and Perizat Orazbayeva and Aizhan Essedova and Meruyert Amantayeva and Yerbolat Tulebayev and Zhanel Raiymbekova and Sabyrova Sabira and Bekzhan Orazbayev},
journal = {Molecules},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/molecules31213999},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3999},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Optimization of the Technology of Suppositories with CO2 Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and In Vitro Evaluation of Chamazulene Release
AU - Aigul Medeshova
AU - Perizat Orazbayeva
AU - Aizhan Essedova
AU - Meruyert Amantayeva
AU - Yerbolat Tulebayev
AU - Zhanel Raiymbekova
AU - Sabyrova Sabira
AU - Bekzhan Orazbayev
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/06
JO - Molecules
DO - 10.3390/molecules31213999
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3999
AB - This study investigated manufacturing conditions for suppositories containing a CO2 extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. herb, using a previously developed formulation, and evaluated a gas chromatography procedure with flame ionization detection (GC–FID) for quantitative marker determination. The effects of key manufacturing parameters were evaluated, and the optimal conditions for base preparation were determined as 70 °C and 120 rpm for 12 min; increasing the agitation speed to 150 rpm did not reduce the processing time. Extract concentrate preparation at 37 °C and 60 rpm required 25 min to achieve visually assessed homogeneity. At 60 rpm, prior concentrate preparation reduced the subsequent mixing time of the suppository mass from 100 to 20 min at each investigated temperature (37, 45, and 60 °C), excluding the time required to prepare the concentrate. Cooling at 8 °C for 60 min was selected on the basis of mechanical-strength measurements. Agar diffusion experiments provided a comparative assessment of the diffusion of colored extract constituents rather than a quantitative measure of chamazulene release or bioavailability. The findings identify candidate manufacturing conditions for further evaluation. Confirmation of marker identity, analytical validity, quantitative content uniformity, and long-term stability is required before reliable product standardization can be established.
SN - 1420-3049
ER -