Adsorption of crystal violet and malachite green onto dibarium magnesium orthoborate (Ba₂Mg(BO₃)₂): equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics.
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Forest Products Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Isparta University of Applied Sciences 32200 Isparta Turkey [email protected].
- 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University 32200 Isparta Turkey [email protected].
- 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University 32200 Isparta Turkey [email protected].
- 4Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karabük University Karabük Turkey [email protected].
Abstract
Dibarium magnesium orthoborate (Ba₂Mg(BO₃)₂) is a borate based ceramic compound containing two different cations within its crystal structure. In this study, the synthesized Ba₂Mg(BO₃)₂ was evaluated as an adsorbent for the removal of the cationic dyes malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CRV) from aqueous solutions. The structural, morphological, surface and thermal properties of Ba₂Mg(BO₃)₂ were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, zeta-potential measurements and particle size analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the effects of pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature on removal efficiency. The kinetic data were fitted to the pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), and intra-particle diffusion models, with the PSO model providing the best fit for both dyes. Equilibrium data were evaluated using the nonlinear Langmuir, Langmuir Type II, Freundlich, Scatchard (Langmuir Type IV), and Temkin models. The nonlinear Langmuir model predicted q max values of 2283.835 and 2327.393 mg g⁻¹ for MG and CRV, respectively. Under the investigated conditions, Ba₂Mg(BO₃)₂ showed high removal performance for both MG and CRV. However, adsorbent induced aggregation can also contribute to dye removal.
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BibTeX
@article{ozkan2026adsorption,
title = {{Adsorption of crystal violet and malachite green onto dibarium magnesium orthoborate (Ba₂Mg(BO₃)₂): equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics.}},
author = {Uğur Özkan and Okan Bayram and Fethiye Göde and İlhan Pekgözlü},
journal = {RSC advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1039/d6ra03351b},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42840847},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Adsorption of crystal violet and malachite green onto dibarium magnesium orthoborate (Ba₂Mg(BO₃)₂): equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics.
AU - Uğur Özkan
AU - Okan Bayram
AU - Fethiye Göde
AU - İlhan Pekgözlü
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/06
JO - RSC advances
DO - 10.1039/d6ra03351b
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42840847
AB - Dibarium magnesium orthoborate (Ba₂Mg(BO₃)₂) is a borate based ceramic compound containing two different cations within its crystal structure. In this study, the synthesized Ba₂Mg(BO₃)₂ was evaluated as an adsorbent for the removal of the cationic dyes malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CRV) from aqueous solutions. The structural, morphological, surface and thermal properties of Ba₂Mg(BO₃)₂ were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, zeta-potential measurements and particle size analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the effects of pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature on removal efficiency. The kinetic data were fitted to the pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), and intra-particle diffusion models, with the PSO model providing the best fit for both dyes. Equilibrium data were evaluated using the nonlinear Langmuir, Langmuir Type II, Freundlich, Scatchard (Langmuir Type IV), and Temkin models. The nonlinear Langmuir model predicted q max values of 2283.835 and 2327.393 mg g⁻¹ for MG and CRV, respectively. Under the investigated conditions, Ba₂Mg(BO₃)₂ showed high removal performance for both MG and CRV. However, adsorbent induced aggregation can also contribute to dye removal.
SN - 2046-2069
ER -