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Peer-reviewedCC BYParasite immunology

Perillic Acid Synergizes With the Miltefosine Leishmanicidal Effect Against Leishmania amazonensis.

  • C Ferreira1,2
  • M Paschoal1
  • C L A Passos1,2
  • K G H Silva3
  • K C H Silva3
  • E M Saraiva1
  • D C Soares1,4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Immunology, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  2. 2Laboratory of Functional Foods, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  3. 3Hybrid Systems Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  4. 4Laboratory of Surveillance and Biodiversity - Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Abstract

Perillic acid (PA), a monocyclic monoterpene derived from limonene, was evaluated for its leishmanicidal activity alone and in combination with miltefosine, as well as in its microemulsion-based formulation. PA demonstrated synergistic activity with miltefosine and was effective against both promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Its anti-amastigote effect was independent of nitric oxide production but was partially associated with reduced arginase activity in stimulated macrophages. In a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis, topical treatment with a PA-loaded microemulsion resulted in a marked reduction in parasite burden, achieving a 99% reduction in L. amazonensis infections. PA also showed efficacy in vivo across different administration routes and showed significant skin permeation when formulated in a microemulsion. These findings highlight PA as a promising leishmanicidal agent and support its potential application in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{ferreira2026perillic,
  title = {{Perillic Acid Synergizes With the Miltefosine Leishmanicidal Effect Against Leishmania amazonensis.}},
  author = {C Ferreira and M Paschoal and C L A Passos and K G H Silva and K C H Silva and E M Saraiva and D C Soares},
  journal = {Parasite immunology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1111/pim.70102},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924509},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Perillic Acid Synergizes With the Miltefosine Leishmanicidal Effect Against Leishmania amazonensis.
AU  - C Ferreira
AU  - M Paschoal
AU  - C L A Passos
AU  - K G H Silva
AU  - K C H Silva
AU  - E M Saraiva
AU  - D C Soares
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Parasite immunology
DO  - 10.1111/pim.70102
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924509
AB  - Perillic acid (PA), a monocyclic monoterpene derived from limonene, was evaluated for its leishmanicidal activity alone and in combination with miltefosine, as well as in its microemulsion-based formulation. PA demonstrated synergistic activity with miltefosine and was effective against both promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Its anti-amastigote effect was independent of nitric oxide production but was partially associated with reduced arginase activity in stimulated macrophages. In a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis, topical treatment with a PA-loaded microemulsion resulted in a marked reduction in parasite burden, achieving a 99% reduction in L. amazonensis infections. PA also showed efficacy in vivo across different administration routes and showed significant skin permeation when formulated in a microemulsion. These findings highlight PA as a promising leishmanicidal agent and support its potential application in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
SN  - 0141-9838
SN  - 1365-3024
ER  -