Vortex Domain Wall Imaging in a 3D Magnetic Nanotube Grown by Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition
Abstract
Theoretical predictions present the magnetic nanotube (MNT) as an ideal physical implementation for 3D spintronic devices due to the unique magnetization dynamics, with stable and fast domain wall (DW) motion beyond the Walker limit, given by its coreless curved topology. However, due to this heterogeneous architecture and the need to combine different synthetic methods, experimental realizations of nanometer-size MNTs are scarce and technically complex. Here, we report for the first time the fabrication of nanometer-scale 3D Co MNTs, synthesized by a single growth technique, namely focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID), and thermally annealed in vacuum. Quantitative magnetic imaging of the remanent state and DW structure of a 10-nm-thick cylindrical Co nanotube grown on a 70-nm-wide vertical Pt-C nanowire template, carried out by off-axis electron holography in an aberration-corrected Lorentz (field-free) transmission electron microscope, reveals the nucleation and pinning of a head-to-head tilted vortex DW, whose structure has been confirmed by detailed micromagnetic simulations. The direct experimental evidence of such spin configuration stabilized in MNTs opens new venues for the investigation of curvature-driven spin textures and new technologies based on 3D nanomagnets.
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BibTeX
@article{pablonavarro2026vortex,
title = {{Vortex Domain Wall Imaging in a 3D Magnetic Nanotube Grown by Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition}},
author = {Javier Pablo-Navarro and Luis Alfredo Rodríguez and Christophe Gatel and Ingrid Marie Andersen and Etienne Snoeck and José María de Teresa and César Magén},
journal = {Small},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.1002/smll.75693},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05764780v1},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Vortex Domain Wall Imaging in a 3D Magnetic Nanotube Grown by Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition
AU - Javier Pablo-Navarro
AU - Luis Alfredo Rodríguez
AU - Christophe Gatel
AU - Ingrid Marie Andersen
AU - Etienne Snoeck
AU - José María de Teresa
AU - César Magén
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/16
JO - Small
DO - 10.1002/smll.75693
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05764780v1
AB - Theoretical predictions present the magnetic nanotube (MNT) as an ideal physical implementation for 3D spintronic devices due to the unique magnetization dynamics, with stable and fast domain wall (DW) motion beyond the Walker limit, given by its coreless curved topology. However, due to this heterogeneous architecture and the need to combine different synthetic methods, experimental realizations of nanometer-size MNTs are scarce and technically complex. Here, we report for the first time the fabrication of nanometer-scale 3D Co MNTs, synthesized by a single growth technique, namely focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID), and thermally annealed in vacuum. Quantitative magnetic imaging of the remanent state and DW structure of a 10-nm-thick cylindrical Co nanotube grown on a 70-nm-wide vertical Pt-C nanowire template, carried out by off-axis electron holography in an aberration-corrected Lorentz (field-free) transmission electron microscope, reveals the nucleation and pinning of a head-to-head tilted vortex DW, whose structure has been confirmed by detailed micromagnetic simulations. The direct experimental evidence of such spin configuration stabilized in MNTs opens new venues for the investigation of curvature-driven spin textures and new technologies based on 3D nanomagnets.
SN - 1613-6810
SN - 1613-6829
ER -