Valorization of sorghum stalk lignocellulose for xylooligosaccharide production: process optimization and chromatographic characterization.
4 affiliations
- 1Dairy Chemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132 001, India.
- 2Animal Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 110 001, India.
- 3Global Centre of Excellence on Millets (Shree Anna), ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 030, India.
- 4Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132 001, India. [email protected].
Abstract
Sorghum stalk (Sorghum bicolor) represents an abundant and underutilized lignocellulosic biomass with significant potential for the generation of value-added bioproducts within biorefinery systems. In the present study, sorghum stalk (SS) biomass was valorized for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) through alkaline extraction of xylan, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. SS was treated with alkali to extract high-purity xylan, where increasing NaOH concentrations significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced xylan recovery. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that xylan extracted using 3 M NaOH contained minimal lignin and represented a higher recovery (87.17 ± 0.32%). Enzymatic hydrolysis of extracted xylan, as optimized using Design-Expert software, resulted in maximum XOS production at pH 5.5, 45.45 °C, 24 h incubation, and an enzyme dose of 20 IU per 200 mg xylan. Analytical characterization revealed that the hydrolysates predominantly contained XOS with a degree of polymerization ranging from 2 to 6, primarily composed of xylohexaose. The produced XOS exhibited promising prebiotic potential for Lactobacillus salivarius, as evidenced by a higher prebiotic index (1.74 ± 0.04) than galacto-oligosaccharides (1.12 ± 0.03) and inulin (1.27 ± 0.08), together with the highest prebiotic activity score (13.42 ± 0.27) under the experimental conditions evaluated. The XOS also demonstrated concentration-dependent gradual increase in DPPH scavenging capacity, ranging from 23.02% at 0.125 mg/mL to 75.83% at 4 mg/mL. Furthermore, the XOS showed a higher resistance to simulated gastric conditions (pH 1-5), with less than 6% hydrolysis after 6 h. Overall, the findings highlight SS as a promising lignocellulosic biomass for the sustainable production of XOS and support their potential as high-value bioproducts derived from agricultural residues.
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BibTeX
@article{nisha2026valorization,
title = {{Valorization of sorghum stalk lignocellulose for xylooligosaccharide production: process optimization and chromatographic characterization.}},
author = {Nisha Nisha and Sumit Arora and Richa Singh and Ashis Kumar Samanta and Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu and Tara C Satyavathi and Sachin Kumar},
journal = {Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1186/s13068-026-02798-8},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902409},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Valorization of sorghum stalk lignocellulose for xylooligosaccharide production: process optimization and chromatographic characterization.
AU - Nisha Nisha
AU - Sumit Arora
AU - Richa Singh
AU - Ashis Kumar Samanta
AU - Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu
AU - Tara C Satyavathi
AU - Sachin Kumar
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
JO - Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts
DO - 10.1186/s13068-026-02798-8
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902409
AB - Sorghum stalk (Sorghum bicolor) represents an abundant and underutilized lignocellulosic biomass with significant potential for the generation of value-added bioproducts within biorefinery systems. In the present study, sorghum stalk (SS) biomass was valorized for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) through alkaline extraction of xylan, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. SS was treated with alkali to extract high-purity xylan, where increasing NaOH concentrations significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced xylan recovery. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that xylan extracted using 3 M NaOH contained minimal lignin and represented a higher recovery (87.17 ± 0.32%). Enzymatic hydrolysis of extracted xylan, as optimized using Design-Expert software, resulted in maximum XOS production at pH 5.5, 45.45 °C, 24 h incubation, and an enzyme dose of 20 IU per 200 mg xylan. Analytical characterization revealed that the hydrolysates predominantly contained XOS with a degree of polymerization ranging from 2 to 6, primarily composed of xylohexaose. The produced XOS exhibited promising prebiotic potential for Lactobacillus salivarius, as evidenced by a higher prebiotic index (1.74 ± 0.04) than galacto-oligosaccharides (1.12 ± 0.03) and inulin (1.27 ± 0.08), together with the highest prebiotic activity score (13.42 ± 0.27) under the experimental conditions evaluated. The XOS also demonstrated concentration-dependent gradual increase in DPPH scavenging capacity, ranging from 23.02% at 0.125 mg/mL to 75.83% at 4 mg/mL. Furthermore, the XOS showed a higher resistance to simulated gastric conditions (pH 1-5), with less than 6% hydrolysis after 6 h. Overall, the findings highlight SS as a promising lignocellulosic biomass for the sustainable production of XOS and support their potential as high-value bioproducts derived from agricultural residues.
SN - 2731-3654
ER -