Evolution of Pharmacy Education and Pharmacist Competency Development in Japan in Response to Changing Healthcare Demands
Abstract
This article reviews the historical development and current challenges of pharmacy education in Japan, focusing on structural reform and the shift toward competency-based education. The 1992 revision of the Medical Care Act and the 1993 sorivudine incident heightened awareness of medication safety and accelerated expansion of pharmacists' clinical responsibilities, prompting educational reform. In 2006, a six-year pharmacy education program (6-YP) was introduced as the primary pathway to pharmacist licensure, while a four-year program (4-YP) was retained for research-oriented training. The Model Core Curriculum (MCC) standardized pharmacy education nationwide. The 2013 revision defined ten graduation-level competencies, reflecting an outcome-based framework. The 2022 MCC further reconceptualized competencies as capabilities that develop longitudinally across the professional lifespan and strengthened alignment with medical and dental education, public health perspectives, research literacy, and digital competencies. Pharmacist licensure in Japan is granted for life, and continuing education is not legally mandated. Although multiple voluntary certification systems promote advanced practice, variability among programs has raised concerns regarding transparency and standardization. Establishing a nationally coordinated continuing professional development framework and promoting lifelong competency development remain key priorities in response to technological innovation and evolving healthcare needs.
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BibTeX
@article{mamiya2026evolution,
title = {{Evolution of Pharmacy Education and Pharmacist Competency Development in Japan in Response to Changing Healthcare Demands}},
author = {Kayoko Takeda Mamiya},
journal = {Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1248/bpb.b26-00181},
url = {https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/49/8/49_b26-00181/_article},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Evolution of Pharmacy Education and Pharmacist Competency Development in Japan in Response to Changing Healthcare Demands
AU - Kayoko Takeda Mamiya
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/01
JO - Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
DO - 10.1248/bpb.b26-00181
UR - https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/49/8/49_b26-00181/_article
AB - This article reviews the historical development and current challenges of pharmacy education in Japan, focusing on structural reform and the shift toward competency-based education. The 1992 revision of the Medical Care Act and the 1993 sorivudine incident heightened awareness of medication safety and accelerated expansion of pharmacists' clinical responsibilities, prompting educational reform. In 2006, a six-year pharmacy education program (6-YP) was introduced as the primary pathway to pharmacist licensure, while a four-year program (4-YP) was retained for research-oriented training. The Model Core Curriculum (MCC) standardized pharmacy education nationwide. The 2013 revision defined ten graduation-level competencies, reflecting an outcome-based framework. The 2022 MCC further reconceptualized competencies as capabilities that develop longitudinally across the professional lifespan and strengthened alignment with medical and dental education, public health perspectives, research literacy, and digital competencies. Pharmacist licensure in Japan is granted for life, and continuing education is not legally mandated. Although multiple voluntary certification systems promote advanced practice, variability among programs has raised concerns regarding transparency and standardization. Establishing a nationally coordinated continuing professional development framework and promoting lifelong competency development remain key priorities in response to technological innovation and evolving healthcare needs.
SN - 1347-5215
SN - 0918-6158
ER -