CRP-derived lower-limb coordination pattern distributions and frequency-band trunk–lower limb intermuscular coherence during badminton backhand footwork: a cross-sectional study
- 1Department of Physical Education, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay, China
- 2Department of Basic Education, Xinjiang Institute of Political Science and Law, Tumushuke, Xinjiang, China
Abstract
Objective: To compare complete-cycle lower-limb coordination-pattern distributions and frequency-band-specific trunk–lower limb intermuscular coherence during a standardized badminton backhand footwork–backhand-clear task between elite and amateur players.
Methods: Thirty-six male badminton players were classified into elite and amateur groups (n=18 each). Each participant completed 10 valid trials. Three-dimensional kinematics and surface electromyography were synchronously recorded using Qualisys and Delsys Trigno systems. Continuous relative phase waveforms were summarized as four coordination-pattern percentages for the hip–knee, hip–ankle, and knee–ankle pairs. Intermuscular coherence was quantified as the area of significant coherence (AZ) for 21 trunk–lower limb muscle pairs across α, β, and γ bands. Trial-level linear mixed-effects models included group, trial, and their interaction as fixed effects and participant as a random intercept. Years of badminton training were not included as a covariate, as the objective was to compare competitive-level groups within their existing training backgrounds. Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied separately to 12 coordination and 63 coherence comparisons.
Results: After FDR correction, elite players showed higher hip–knee in-phase and lower anti-phase proportions, higher proximal-dominant and lower distal-dominant proportions for hip–ankle and knee–ankle coordination, and a higher knee–ankle anti-phase proportion (all q=0.025). Although 23 coherence comparisons had raw P<0.05, none survived FDR correction (all q≥0.098).
Conclusion: Elite and amateur players differed in selected complete-cycle coordination-pattern distributions, with greater proximal contribution to hip–ankle and knee–ankle coordination in elite players. No muscle-pair–frequency-band coherence difference remained significant after FDR correction. These task-specific, cross-sectional findings do not identify the timing of coordination differences, establish causal effects of training, or demonstrate competitive-level associations independent of training duration.
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BibTeX
@article{xie2026crpderived,
title = {{CRP-derived lower-limb coordination pattern distributions and frequency-band trunk–lower limb intermuscular coherence during badminton backhand footwork: a cross-sectional study}},
author = {Hongbing Xie and Hangyuan Li},
journal = {Frontiers in Physiology},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fphys.2026.1922514},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1922514},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - CRP-derived lower-limb coordination pattern distributions and frequency-band trunk–lower limb intermuscular coherence during badminton backhand footwork: a cross-sectional study
AU - Hongbing Xie
AU - Hangyuan Li
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/21
JO - Frontiers in Physiology
DO - 10.3389/fphys.2026.1922514
UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1922514
AB - Objective: To compare complete-cycle lower-limb coordination-pattern distributions and frequency-band-specific trunk–lower limb intermuscular coherence during a standardized badminton backhand footwork–backhand-clear task between elite and amateur players. Methods: Thirty-six male badminton players were classified into elite and amateur groups (n=18 each). Each participant completed 10 valid trials. Three-dimensional kinematics and surface electromyography were synchronously recorded using Qualisys and Delsys Trigno systems. Continuous relative phase waveforms were summarized as four coordination-pattern percentages for the hip–knee, hip–ankle, and knee–ankle pairs. Intermuscular coherence was quantified as the area of significant coherence (AZ) for 21 trunk–lower limb muscle pairs across α, β, and γ bands. Trial-level linear mixed-effects models included group, trial, and their interaction as fixed effects and participant as a random intercept. Years of badminton training were not included as a covariate, as the objective was to compare competitive-level groups within their existing training backgrounds. Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied separately to 12 coordination and 63 coherence comparisons. Results: After FDR correction, elite players showed higher hip–knee in-phase and lower anti-phase proportions, higher proximal-dominant and lower distal-dominant proportions for hip–ankle and knee–ankle coordination, and a higher knee–ankle anti-phase proportion (all q=0.025). Although 23 coherence comparisons had raw P<0.05, none survived FDR correction (all q≥0.098). Conclusion: Elite and amateur players differed in selected complete-cycle coordination-pattern distributions, with greater proximal contribution to hip–ankle and knee–ankle coordination in elite players. No muscle-pair–frequency-band coherence difference remained significant after FDR correction. These task-specific, cross-sectional findings do not identify the timing of coordination differences, establish causal effects of training, or demonstrate competitive-level associations independent of training duration.
SN - 1664-042X
ER -