Skip to content
DraconiticResearch
Search Sources API
203,234 studies31 sourcesUpdated 55 min ago
Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Immunology

Recurrent pulmonary infection, a vicious cycle of multifactorial interactions, and prevention/treatment strategies

  • Chaojie Shen1,2
  • Yuhuan Li3,4
  • Zongjun Xiang3
  • Min Zhao3
  • Jingsong Wang3
  • Xutao Wang1,2
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Pharmacy, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
  2. 2Department of Pharmacy, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Jiaxing University
  3. 3Department of Pharmacy, Guangyuan Central Hospital
  4. 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Lizhou District
Open at sourceDOICite

Abstract

Recurrent pulmonary infection (RPI) refers to the frequent and repeated episodes of lower respiratory tract infections. At its core, it represents a vicious cycle arising from the disruption of the homeostatic balance among pathogens, host immunity, and pulmonary architecture. RPI accounts for a considerable proportion of pediatric pneumonia cases, and the cumulative incidence among elderly patients hospitalized for pneumonia is also markedly elevated, imposing a substantial disease burden. The etiologies are notably diverse, beyond common pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, the ubiquity of asymptomatic colonization, underlying comorbidities, immune deficiencies, medication-related factors, and aspiration all constitute critical predisposing factors. This review summarizes the pathogenic characteristics of RPI, host-related factors, and the mechanistic roles of structural lung damage in infection recurrence. It further focuses on the current advances and limitations of precision diagnostic approaches (metagenomic sequencing), immunomodulatory and microbiome-targeted interventions, and vaccination strategies. Existing evidence suggests that the clinical benefits of these interventions in RPI remain to be validated by more high-quality studies. The aim of this article is to provide a reference for the clinical management of RPI and to inform future research directions.

Related

  1. Case Report: transient migratory pulmonary nodules with bronchial artery malformations in an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patient: a case of recurrent hemoptysis.
    Yi Hu, Jie Zhang, Ting Wang +1
    Frontiers in medicinePeer-reviewedCC BYFull textGenetics & genomicsEurope PMCPMC
  2. Recurrent enhancer-promoter interactions across samples
    Matthew Weston, Satvik Gunjala, Haiyan Hu +1
    PLOS OnePeer-reviewedCC BYFull textMolecular biology & gene regulationBioinformatics & computational biologyPLOSEurope PMCPMC
  3. Inferring brain-wide interactions using data-constrained recurrent neural network models
    Matthew G. Perich, Charlotte Arlt, Sofia Soares +13
    NeuronPeer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND69 citedNeuroscienceOpenAlex
  4. Rabies in Military Personnel: Epidemiology, Clinical Challenges, and Strategies for Prevention and Management
    Elodie Monchatre-Leroy, Diana Isabela Costescu Strachinaru, Oula Itani +3
    Tropical Medicine and Infectious DiseasePeer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Full textMicrobiologyHAL
  5. Multi-omics integration reveals oral microbiota-metabolite-immune interactions in recurrent aphthous ulceration
    Cancan Shao, Haojie Wang, Jigao Li +5
    Frontiers in MicrobiologyPeer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Full textMicrobiologyCrossrefDOAJ

Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{shen2026recurrent,
  title = {{Recurrent pulmonary infection, a vicious cycle of multifactorial interactions, and prevention/treatment strategies}},
  author = {Chaojie Shen and Yuhuan Li and Zongjun Xiang and Min Zhao and Jingsong Wang and Xutao Wang},
  journal = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2026.1945273},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1945273/full},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recurrent pulmonary infection, a vicious cycle of multifactorial interactions, and prevention/treatment strategies
AU  - Chaojie Shen
AU  - Yuhuan Li
AU  - Zongjun Xiang
AU  - Min Zhao
AU  - Jingsong Wang
AU  - Xutao Wang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/29
JO  - Frontiers in Immunology
DO  - 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1945273
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1945273/full
AB  - Recurrent pulmonary infection (RPI) refers to the frequent and repeated episodes of lower respiratory tract infections. At its core, it represents a vicious cycle arising from the disruption of the homeostatic balance among pathogens, host immunity, and pulmonary architecture. RPI accounts for a considerable proportion of pediatric pneumonia cases, and the cumulative incidence among elderly patients hospitalized for pneumonia is also markedly elevated, imposing a substantial disease burden. The etiologies are notably diverse, beyond common pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, the ubiquity of asymptomatic colonization, underlying comorbidities, immune deficiencies, medication-related factors, and aspiration all constitute critical predisposing factors. This review summarizes the pathogenic characteristics of RPI, host-related factors, and the mechanistic roles of structural lung damage in infection recurrence. It further focuses on the current advances and limitations of precision diagnostic approaches (metagenomic sequencing), immunomodulatory and microbiome-targeted interventions, and vaccination strategies. Existing evidence suggests that the clinical benefits of these interventions in RPI remain to be validated by more high-quality studies. The aim of this article is to provide a reference for the clinical management of RPI and to inform future research directions.
SN  - 1664-3224
ER  -