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Peer-reviewedCC BYJournal of functional morphology and kinesiology

Acute Effects of High- Versus Low-Elevation-Gain Trail Running Training on Static and Dynamic Postural Balance in Young Trail Runners.

  • Carlos Castellar1
  • Abraham Blánquez2
  • Alejandro García-Giménez3
  • Miguel Lecina1
  1. 1ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain.
  2. 2Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain.
  3. 3Faculty of Health, Universidad de San Jorge, Autovía A-23, km. 299, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain.
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Abstract

Background: Trail running is a sport characterized by taking place in natural environments and requiring constant adaptation to irregular terrain, making postural balance crucial for preventing falls and coping with the coordinative demands of these races. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of elevation on dynamic and static balance in young trained trail runners. Methods: Fifteen highly trained young athletes (eight females, seven males; age 16.8 ± 2.14 years) completed two similar training sessions except for elevation gain (1000 m vs. 15 m, flat). Static balance was evaluated using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and dynamic balance was assessed with the Y Balance Test (YBT) before (pre) and after each session (post) using 2 × 2 (Time × Terrain) repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: BESS errors increased in both sessions but more after elevation (+3.33 vs. +1.20 errors; interaction p < 0.001; post-session 15.67 ± 1.23 vs. 12.67 ± 1.23). The YBT composite index showed no significant differences between elevation and flat sessions (83.32 ± 7.92 vs. 83.79 ± 7.59, p = 0.763) or in the interaction (p = 0.057). Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for specific strategies to preserve postural balance-especially static balance-during training and after trail races and support taking elevation gain into account when programming training load in young trail runners.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{castellar2026acute,
  title = {{Acute Effects of High- Versus Low-Elevation-Gain Trail Running Training on Static and Dynamic Postural Balance in Young Trail Runners.}},
  author = {Carlos Castellar and Abraham Blánquez and Alejandro García-Giménez and Miguel Lecina},
  journal = {Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/jfmk11040394},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924673},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Acute Effects of High- Versus Low-Elevation-Gain Trail Running Training on Static and Dynamic Postural Balance in Young Trail Runners.
AU  - Carlos Castellar
AU  - Abraham Blánquez
AU  - Alejandro García-Giménez
AU  - Miguel Lecina
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology
DO  - 10.3390/jfmk11040394
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924673
AB  - Background: Trail running is a sport characterized by taking place in natural environments and requiring constant adaptation to irregular terrain, making postural balance crucial for preventing falls and coping with the coordinative demands of these races. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of elevation on dynamic and static balance in young trained trail runners. Methods: Fifteen highly trained young athletes (eight females, seven males; age 16.8 ± 2.14 years) completed two similar training sessions except for elevation gain (1000 m vs. 15 m, flat). Static balance was evaluated using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and dynamic balance was assessed with the Y Balance Test (YBT) before (pre) and after each session (post) using 2 × 2 (Time × Terrain) repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: BESS errors increased in both sessions but more after elevation (+3.33 vs. +1.20 errors; interaction p < 0.001; post-session 15.67 ± 1.23 vs. 12.67 ± 1.23). The YBT composite index showed no significant differences between elevation and flat sessions (83.32 ± 7.92 vs. 83.79 ± 7.59, p = 0.763) or in the interaction (p = 0.057). Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for specific strategies to preserve postural balance-especially static balance-during training and after trail races and support taking elevation gain into account when programming training load in young trail runners.
SN  - 2411-5142
ER  -