Serum calpain-5 as a biomarker for disease severity and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
6 affiliations
- 1School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- 2Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225012, China.
- 3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
- 4Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China. [email protected].
- 5Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China. [email protected].
- 6School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. [email protected].
Abstract
Background
Calpain is one of the intracellular calcium-activated cysteine proteases and exerts pivotal functions in many diseases. The aim was to explore the relationship of serum calpain-5 concentration and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) via a cohort study.Methods
The whole 338 COVID-19 patients were selected. Clinical features and demographic information were collected. The concentration of serum calpain-5 was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results
Serum calpain-5 concentration was upregulated with increased severity scores, including SMART-COP, 4 C-Mortality, CURXO, A-DROP, DTPNCP, COVID-GRAM, PSI, and CURB-65 in COVID-19 patients. Spearman correlation analyses suggested there were tight correlations between serum calpain-5 level and numbers of clinical features. Additionally, multivariate linear and logistic regression models showed that serum calpain-5 level was positively associated with severity scores. Moreover, the frequencies of mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agent usage, ICU admission, and death during hospitalization within 30 days were grown with elevated serum calpain-5 concentration on admission. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that serum higher calpain-5 on admission elevated the risk of adverse prognosis during hospitalization within 30 days.Conclusions
The concentration of serum calpain-5 is positively correlated with disease severity and adverse prognosis, implying calpain-5 may be involved in the progression of COVID-19. Serum calpain-5 level may served as a useful biomarker for guiding clinicians in managing and monitoring disease outcome in COVID-19 patients.Clinical trial registration
Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
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BibTeX
@article{miao2026serum,
title = {{Serum calpain-5 as a biomarker for disease severity and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.}},
author = {Hai-Long Miao and Meng-Xue Liu and Wei Cao and Guo-Qiang Wu and Luo Li and Xiang Cai and Si-Han Wang and Lin Fu and Jun Fei and Fang Zhang},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1186/s12879-026-14115-7},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958092},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Serum calpain-5 as a biomarker for disease severity and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
AU - Hai-Long Miao
AU - Meng-Xue Liu
AU - Wei Cao
AU - Guo-Qiang Wu
AU - Luo Li
AU - Xiang Cai
AU - Si-Han Wang
AU - Lin Fu
AU - Jun Fei
AU - Fang Zhang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/31
JO - BMC infectious diseases
DO - 10.1186/s12879-026-14115-7
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958092
AB - Background Calpain is one of the intracellular calcium-activated cysteine proteases and exerts pivotal functions in many diseases. The aim was to explore the relationship of serum calpain-5 concentration and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) via a cohort study.Methods The whole 338 COVID-19 patients were selected. Clinical features and demographic information were collected. The concentration of serum calpain-5 was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Serum calpain-5 concentration was upregulated with increased severity scores, including SMART-COP, 4 C-Mortality, CURXO, A-DROP, DTPNCP, COVID-GRAM, PSI, and CURB-65 in COVID-19 patients. Spearman correlation analyses suggested there were tight correlations between serum calpain-5 level and numbers of clinical features. Additionally, multivariate linear and logistic regression models showed that serum calpain-5 level was positively associated with severity scores. Moreover, the frequencies of mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agent usage, ICU admission, and death during hospitalization within 30 days were grown with elevated serum calpain-5 concentration on admission. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that serum higher calpain-5 on admission elevated the risk of adverse prognosis during hospitalization within 30 days.Conclusions The concentration of serum calpain-5 is positively correlated with disease severity and adverse prognosis, implying calpain-5 may be involved in the progression of COVID-19. Serum calpain-5 level may served as a useful biomarker for guiding clinicians in managing and monitoring disease outcome in COVID-19 patients.Clinical trial registration Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
SN - 1471-2334
ER -