Green-synthesized ZnO and ZnO–MgO nanoparticles from Abelmoschus esculentus extract for multifunctional sago starch active packaging films
- 1Department of Chemistry, QaS.C Branch, Islamic Azad University Qaemshahr Iran
- 2Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University Tehran Iran
Abstract
This study developed multifunctional sago starch active packaging films incorporating Abelmoschus esculentus extract (AE), green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs), and ZnO–MgO nanoparticles (ZnO-MgONPs). XRD confirmed the successful formation of crystalline nanoparticles, with average crystallite sizes of 22.4 ± 2.1 nm for ZnONPs and 18.7 ± 1.8 nm for ZnO-MgONPs. FESEM/TEM showed quasi-spherical nanoparticles with sizes of 25–35 nm and 20–30 nm, respectively. Compared with the AE-only film, the addition of ZnONPs and ZnO-MgONPs significantly improved film performance: tensile strength increased from 1.43 MPa to 2.12 MPa and 2.79 MPa, respectively, while elongation at break decreased from 60.39% to 46.12% and 32.33%. AE increased film moisture content from 6.98% to 8.78%, whereas nanoparticle incorporation improved barrier and structural properties. FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TGA, and UV-vis analyses confirmed good compatibility among the components, enhanced thermal stability, and stronger UV-shielding behavior in nanocomposite films, especially in the ZnO–MgO-containing system. The incorporation of AE enhanced the DPPH radical-scavenging activity of the films, indicating the contribution of AE-derived bioactive compounds to their antioxidant functionality. The nanocomposite films retained appreciable antioxidant activity while exhibiting improved mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial properties. The films also exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, indicating their potential for active food packaging applications. Overall, the AE/ZnO-MgONPs film showed the best balance of mechanical strength, thermal stability, barrier performance, and antimicrobial function, making it a promising eco-friendly packaging material.
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BibTeX
@article{ebrahimi2026greensynthesized,
title = {{Green-synthesized ZnO and ZnO–MgO nanoparticles from Abelmoschus esculentus extract for multifunctional sago starch active packaging films}},
author = {Aneseh Ebrahimi and Masoumeh Hosseinzadeh and Saba Najafi and Mohammad Javad Mohammadi},
journal = {RSC advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1039/d6ra06507d},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13655793},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Green-synthesized ZnO and ZnO–MgO nanoparticles from Abelmoschus esculentus extract for multifunctional sago starch active packaging films
AU - Aneseh Ebrahimi
AU - Masoumeh Hosseinzadeh
AU - Saba Najafi
AU - Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/12
JO - RSC advances
DO - 10.1039/d6ra06507d
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13655793
AB - This study developed multifunctional sago starch active packaging films incorporating Abelmoschus esculentus extract (AE), green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs), and ZnO–MgO nanoparticles (ZnO-MgONPs). XRD confirmed the successful formation of crystalline nanoparticles, with average crystallite sizes of 22.4 ± 2.1 nm for ZnONPs and 18.7 ± 1.8 nm for ZnO-MgONPs. FESEM/TEM showed quasi-spherical nanoparticles with sizes of 25–35 nm and 20–30 nm, respectively. Compared with the AE-only film, the addition of ZnONPs and ZnO-MgONPs significantly improved film performance: tensile strength increased from 1.43 MPa to 2.12 MPa and 2.79 MPa, respectively, while elongation at break decreased from 60.39% to 46.12% and 32.33%. AE increased film moisture content from 6.98% to 8.78%, whereas nanoparticle incorporation improved barrier and structural properties. FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TGA, and UV-vis analyses confirmed good compatibility among the components, enhanced thermal stability, and stronger UV-shielding behavior in nanocomposite films, especially in the ZnO–MgO-containing system. The incorporation of AE enhanced the DPPH radical-scavenging activity of the films, indicating the contribution of AE-derived bioactive compounds to their antioxidant functionality. The nanocomposite films retained appreciable antioxidant activity while exhibiting improved mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial properties. The films also exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, indicating their potential for active food packaging applications. Overall, the AE/ZnO-MgONPs film showed the best balance of mechanical strength, thermal stability, barrier performance, and antimicrobial function, making it a promising eco-friendly packaging material.
SN - 2046-2069
ER -