Velocity-field estimation techniques for on-disk solar coronal bright fronts (CBFs) and shock-wave propagation

@misc{stepanyuk2026velocityfield,
  title = {{Velocity-field estimation techniques for on-disk solar coronal bright fronts (CBFs) and shock-wave propagation}},
  author = {Oleg Stepanyuk and Kamen Kozarev},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.19032},
  eprint = {2610.19032},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.19032},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Velocity-field estimation techniques for on-disk solar coronal bright fronts (CBFs) and shock-wave propagation
AU  - Oleg Stepanyuk
AU  - Kamen Kozarev
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/13
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.19032
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.19032
AB  - Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large expulsions of plasma and magnetic fields from the solar corona into the heliosphere. Coronal shock waves are driven by CMEs, and accurate Solar Energetic Particles (SEP) forecasting requires knowing when and where shocks form, how fast they propagate, and how they interact with the coronal magnetic field. By measuring the speed, geometry and temporal evolution of coronal bright fronts (CBFs), one can create more realistic predictions of SEP onset and intensity at Earth, thus velocity-field estimation techniques supply these critical parameters. High-resolution velocity field maps can provide even deeper insight. Instead of yielding only an overall speed of the front, techniques like FLCT and optical flow can show the spatial distribution of velocities across the entire wave dome or front. These analyses reveal which parts of the front are moving fastest and how the front might be deforming as it expands. Here we discuss a set of practical parameters for Lucas--Kanade, Horn--Schunck, FLCT, and Farneback algorithms, arrived at by combining analytic reasoning with empirical measurements on a single event---and demonstrate the potential of these techniques for on-disk shock-wave propagation during the X1.5-class event that took place 10 May 2022, processed by the wavelet-based Wavetrack technique. A better understanding of how to fine-tune these parameters could improve the precision of algorithms running in pipelines, and is especially valuable where per-event hand-tuning is impractical.
ER  -