Characterisation, development, and validation of an in-house antibody cell panel: A prospective cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital.
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
- 2Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
- 3Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
- 4Department of Pathology and Lab medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Abstract
Background and objectives Minor blood group antigens (apart from ABO) can cause haemolytic transfusion reaction in patients who need multiple transfusions. Antibodies against these antigens are typically detected using commercial cell panels. Developing indigenous panels ensures the potential for inclusion of population-specific antigens. We aimed to develop and validate in-house antibody cell panels to detect antibodies against minor blood group antigens and compare it with commercial panel. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2022 and December 2023 among 3000 voluntary blood donors. Participants with 'O' blood group who were direct antiglobulin test negative and transfusion-transmitted infection non-reactive underwent phenotyping for low-prevalence antigens (E, K, Ina, Cw). Extended phenotyping was performed for individuals positive for these antigens. Based on selected antigens corresponding to commonly encountered clinically significant alloantibodies, in-house panels were developed and validated using known antibody-positive and antibody-negative samples, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated against a commercial panel. Results Of the 3,000 participants, 700 belonged to 'O' blood group. The prevalence of E, K, Ina, and Cw positivity was 105 (15%), 17 (2.4%), 15 (2.1%), and 10 (1.4%), respectively. A 4- and a 12-cell panel were developed for screening and identification, respectively, from 16 participants. The sensitivity and specificity of in-house panel were 100% [95% Confidence interval (CI): 91.2-100%], and 100% (95% CI: 98.6-100%), respectively when validated with commercial cell panel. The annual cost for a commercial cell panel was INR (₹) ₹1,04,800, while in-house panel's one-time cost was ₹55,760 with recurring cost of ₹1,440 every three months. Interpretation and conclusions The in-house antibody cell panel demonstrated comparable diagnostic performance to the commercial panel, with complete concordance, along with lower cost.
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BibTeX
@article{palanikumarasamy2026characterisation,
title = {{Characterisation, development, and validation of an in-house antibody cell panel: A prospective cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital.}},
author = {Subha Palanikumarasamy and Gautam Harsh and Suseendar Shanmugasundaram and Sathish Saravanan and M Arun and P S Gowtham and Siddharth Mittal and Anubhav Gupta and Poonam Elhence and Archana Bajpayee},
journal = {The Indian journal of medical research},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.25259/ijmr_3729_2025},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42851220},
note = {CC BY-NC-SA},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Characterisation, development, and validation of an in-house antibody cell panel: A prospective cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital.
AU - Subha Palanikumarasamy
AU - Gautam Harsh
AU - Suseendar Shanmugasundaram
AU - Sathish Saravanan
AU - M Arun
AU - P S Gowtham
AU - Siddharth Mittal
AU - Anubhav Gupta
AU - Poonam Elhence
AU - Archana Bajpayee
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/01
JO - The Indian journal of medical research
DO - 10.25259/ijmr_3729_2025
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42851220
AB - Background and objectives Minor blood group antigens (apart from ABO) can cause haemolytic transfusion reaction in patients who need multiple transfusions. Antibodies against these antigens are typically detected using commercial cell panels. Developing indigenous panels ensures the potential for inclusion of population-specific antigens. We aimed to develop and validate in-house antibody cell panels to detect antibodies against minor blood group antigens and compare it with commercial panel. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2022 and December 2023 among 3000 voluntary blood donors. Participants with 'O' blood group who were direct antiglobulin test negative and transfusion-transmitted infection non-reactive underwent phenotyping for low-prevalence antigens (E, K, Ina, Cw). Extended phenotyping was performed for individuals positive for these antigens. Based on selected antigens corresponding to commonly encountered clinically significant alloantibodies, in-house panels were developed and validated using known antibody-positive and antibody-negative samples, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated against a commercial panel. Results Of the 3,000 participants, 700 belonged to 'O' blood group. The prevalence of E, K, Ina, and Cw positivity was 105 (15%), 17 (2.4%), 15 (2.1%), and 10 (1.4%), respectively. A 4- and a 12-cell panel were developed for screening and identification, respectively, from 16 participants. The sensitivity and specificity of in-house panel were 100% [95% Confidence interval (CI): 91.2-100%], and 100% (95% CI: 98.6-100%), respectively when validated with commercial cell panel. The annual cost for a commercial cell panel was INR (₹) ₹1,04,800, while in-house panel's one-time cost was ₹55,760 with recurring cost of ₹1,440 every three months. Interpretation and conclusions The in-house antibody cell panel demonstrated comparable diagnostic performance to the commercial panel, with complete concordance, along with lower cost.
SN - 0971-5916
ER -