Multijoint loading patterns across supermarket manual-handling tasks: a reproducible descriptive reanalysis
Abstract
BackgroundRegional spinal, shoulder, and knee forces in supermarket handling have been reported separately. We examined whether published task-level estimates yield a shared loading pattern and illustrate region-specific trade-offs.MethodsWe reconstructed 26 two-handed handling conditions from published tables based on 1,479 modeled lifts in 15 workers. The outcomes were mixed-model-adjusted task estimates of peak forces, not new force measurements. We used five-indicator and equal-region principal component analyses (PCA), descriptive standardized regressions, task-design diagnostics, and leave-one-product-family-out analyses. No second-stage population confidence intervals were estimated.ResultsThe original five-indicator PC1 explained 62.0% of variance and loaded strongly on three lumbar indicators and knee force, but weakly on shoulder force (0.284). An equal-region PCA retained a shared PC1 explaining 60.8%, with a larger shoulder correlation loading (0.632); the two PC1 scores correlated at r = 0.898. Product-specific mass aligned with lumbar compression (standardized coefficient 0.812) and knee force (0.935), whereas destination height aligned with shoulder force (0.887). Model influence and product-family exclusions identified design sensitivity but generally preserved coefficient directions.ConclusionThe incremental result is a reproducible, task-level joint presentation of published force estimates and their regional trade-offs. Component interpretation depends partly on anatomical weighting. These descriptive patterns do not establish causal effects, worker-level uncertainty, injury risk, or intervention effectiveness.
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BibTeX
@article{caner2026multijoint,
title = {{Multijoint loading patterns across supermarket manual-handling tasks: a reproducible descriptive reanalysis}},
author = {Vedat Caner},
journal = {Frontiers in Public Health},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2026.1967377},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1967377},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Multijoint loading patterns across supermarket manual-handling tasks: a reproducible descriptive reanalysis
AU - Vedat Caner
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/04
JO - Frontiers in Public Health
DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1967377
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1967377
AB - BackgroundRegional spinal, shoulder, and knee forces in supermarket handling have been reported separately. We examined whether published task-level estimates yield a shared loading pattern and illustrate region-specific trade-offs.MethodsWe reconstructed 26 two-handed handling conditions from published tables based on 1,479 modeled lifts in 15 workers. The outcomes were mixed-model-adjusted task estimates of peak forces, not new force measurements. We used five-indicator and equal-region principal component analyses (PCA), descriptive standardized regressions, task-design diagnostics, and leave-one-product-family-out analyses. No second-stage population confidence intervals were estimated.ResultsThe original five-indicator PC1 explained 62.0% of variance and loaded strongly on three lumbar indicators and knee force, but weakly on shoulder force (0.284). An equal-region PCA retained a shared PC1 explaining 60.8%, with a larger shoulder correlation loading (0.632); the two PC1 scores correlated at r = 0.898. Product-specific mass aligned with lumbar compression (standardized coefficient 0.812) and knee force (0.935), whereas destination height aligned with shoulder force (0.887). Model influence and product-family exclusions identified design sensitivity but generally preserved coefficient directions.ConclusionThe incremental result is a reproducible, task-level joint presentation of published force estimates and their regional trade-offs. Component interpretation depends partly on anatomical weighting. These descriptive patterns do not establish causal effects, worker-level uncertainty, injury risk, or intervention effectiveness.
SN - 2296-2565
ER -