Two-Photon Spatial Multiplexing: Image Encoding in Gaussian Noncircularity of Light
Abstract
The search for new degrees of freedom (DoF) of light is central to advancing optical information encoding and multiplexing. Gaussian statistics are ubiquitous in nature, and here we unlock an unexpected statistical DoF in the joint noncircularity of Gaussian light. For a pair of Gaussian light fields, the covariance- and pseudocovariance-dominated two types of correlations dictate the propagation rules and the image-encoding responses, mapping optical information into coordinate-difference and coordinate-sum momentum spaces, respectively. A hybrid random-phase grating array enables the experimental preparation of noncircular Gaussian light with programmable coexistence, yielding X-shaped intensity correlations while subtly reducing the degree of second-order coherence. Two independently programmed images coexist in the same beams at identical wavelength and polarization, yet are selectively decoded through two-photon correlation geometry without physical filters. Remarkably, both images remain recoverable even when structured stray light is as intense as the signal. These results unlock a hidden statistical dimension of optical information encoding, transforming Gaussian fluctuations into a dual-channel information carrier and joint noncircularity into a programmable optical DoF.
Related
- General Photon Subtraction from a Gaussian Perspective
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BibTeX
@misc{hou2026twophoton,
title = {{Two-Photon Spatial Multiplexing: Image Encoding in Gaussian Noncircularity of Light}},
author = {Wanting Hou and Zhiyuan Ye and Hong-Chao Liu and Jun Xiong and Kaige Wang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.19554},
eprint = {2610.19554},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.19554},
note = {CC BY-NC-SA 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Two-Photon Spatial Multiplexing: Image Encoding in Gaussian Noncircularity of Light
AU - Wanting Hou
AU - Zhiyuan Ye
AU - Hong-Chao Liu
AU - Jun Xiong
AU - Kaige Wang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.19554
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.19554
AB - The search for new degrees of freedom (DoF) of light is central to advancing optical information encoding and multiplexing. Gaussian statistics are ubiquitous in nature, and here we unlock an unexpected statistical DoF in the joint noncircularity of Gaussian light. For a pair of Gaussian light fields, the covariance- and pseudocovariance-dominated two types of correlations dictate the propagation rules and the image-encoding responses, mapping optical information into coordinate-difference and coordinate-sum momentum spaces, respectively. A hybrid random-phase grating array enables the experimental preparation of noncircular Gaussian light with programmable coexistence, yielding X-shaped intensity correlations while subtly reducing the degree of second-order coherence. Two independently programmed images coexist in the same beams at identical wavelength and polarization, yet are selectively decoded through two-photon correlation geometry without physical filters. Remarkably, both images remain recoverable even when structured stray light is as intense as the signal. These results unlock a hidden statistical dimension of optical information encoding, transforming Gaussian fluctuations into a dual-channel information carrier and joint noncircularity into a programmable optical DoF.
ER -