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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NCInfection & chemotherapy

Clinical Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Korean Children: An 11-Year Multicenter Retrospective Study.

  • Young Hwa Lee1
  • Yoon Lee2
  • Young June Choe3
  • Jue Seong Lee1,2
  • Young Yoo1,2
  • Hyeon-Jong Yang4
  • Jeong-Won Oh5
  • Jinseop Kim6
  • Eunseo Jo6
  • Sujin Choi7
  • Hyun Jung Kim8
  • Lorenzo Bertizzolo9
9 affiliations
  1. 1Allergy Immunology Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
  2. 2Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  3. 3Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. [email protected].
  4. 4Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  5. 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  6. 6Zarathu Co Ltd, Seoul, Korea.
  7. 7Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
  8. 8Medical Affairs, Sanofi, Seoul, Korea.
  9. 9Medical Evidence Generation, Sanofi, Lyon, France.
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Abstract

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. This study investigates the clinical characteristics, factors descriptively associated with severity, and shifts in age distribution of RSV infection in Korean children over an 11-year period.Materials and methods

Using electronic medical records from 21 referral hospitals, we conducted a retrospective observational study of children aged 0-4 years with RSV infection between 2012 and 2023. Data were converted to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership-Common Data Model. We compared clinical characteristics between those who received oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation and those who did not.Results

Of 9,625 children who tested positive for RSV, 79.3% were under two years of age and 99.2% were born at term. Among the 1,828 children who received oxygen therapy, 70.2% were aged 0-11 months and 98.8% were full-term, mirroring the overall cohort composition. Among the 104 children who received mechanical ventilation, 79.8% were aged 0-11 months. Within-group comparisons showed that age 0-11 months, male sex, preterm birth, developmental delay, perinatal lung disease, and cardiovascular disease were more frequently observed among children receiving oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation than among those who did not.Conclusion

RSV infection in our cohort predominantly affected young infants, with a post-pandemic shift toward older age groups. The high proportion of full-term infants without underlying conditions among severe cases reflected cohort composition rather than enriched risk. These hypothesis-generating findings suggest that broader prevention strategies covering all infants, alongside high-risk groups, warrant population-level evaluation.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{lee2026clinical,
  title = {{Clinical Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Korean Children: An 11-Year Multicenter Retrospective Study.}},
  author = {Young Hwa Lee and Yoon Lee and Young June Choe and Jue Seong Lee and Young Yoo and Hyeon-Jong Yang and Jeong-Won Oh and Jinseop Kim and Eunseo Jo and Sujin Choi and Hyun Jung Kim and Lorenzo Bertizzolo},
  journal = {Infection \& chemotherapy},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.3947/ic.2026.0023},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42847630},
  note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Clinical Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Korean Children: An 11-Year Multicenter Retrospective Study.
AU  - Young Hwa Lee
AU  - Yoon Lee
AU  - Young June Choe
AU  - Jue Seong Lee
AU  - Young Yoo
AU  - Hyeon-Jong Yang
AU  - Jeong-Won Oh
AU  - Jinseop Kim
AU  - Eunseo Jo
AU  - Sujin Choi
AU  - Hyun Jung Kim
AU  - Lorenzo Bertizzolo
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/01
JO  - Infection & chemotherapy
DO  - 10.3947/ic.2026.0023
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42847630
AB  - Background  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. This study investigates the clinical characteristics, factors descriptively associated with severity, and shifts in age distribution of RSV infection in Korean children over an 11-year period.Materials and methods  Using electronic medical records from 21 referral hospitals, we conducted a retrospective observational study of children aged 0-4 years with RSV infection between 2012 and 2023. Data were converted to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership-Common Data Model. We compared clinical characteristics between those who received oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation and those who did not.Results  Of 9,625 children who tested positive for RSV, 79.3% were under two years of age and 99.2% were born at term. Among the 1,828 children who received oxygen therapy, 70.2% were aged 0-11 months and 98.8% were full-term, mirroring the overall cohort composition. Among the 104 children who received mechanical ventilation, 79.8% were aged 0-11 months. Within-group comparisons showed that age 0-11 months, male sex, preterm birth, developmental delay, perinatal lung disease, and cardiovascular disease were more frequently observed among children receiving oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation than among those who did not.Conclusion  RSV infection in our cohort predominantly affected young infants, with a post-pandemic shift toward older age groups. The high proportion of full-term infants without underlying conditions among severe cases reflected cohort composition rather than enriched risk. These hypothesis-generating findings suggest that broader prevention strategies covering all infants, alongside high-risk groups, warrant population-level evaluation.
SN  - 2093-2340
SN  - 2092-6448
ER  -