A Telomere-to-Telomere Genome Assembly and Demographic History Inference of Ostrya rehderiana
- 1National Field Observation and Research Station (Zhejiang Tiantong) for Forest Ecosystem, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241 ,
- 2Institute of Eco-Chongming , 1050 Baozhen, Lvhua Town, Chongming District, Shanghai 202151 ,
Abstract
Ostrya rehderiana is a critically endangered plant species with an extremely small population size. However, the absence of high-quality genome assembly has impeded the understanding of the causes and genetic consequences of its endangered status, especially how theses genetic consequences result in the failure of its population regeneration. In this study, we integrated PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore (ONT) long-read sequencing, Hi-C, Illumina resequencing, and RNA-seq data to generate a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assembly and annotation for this species. The assembled genome has a total size of 349.04 Mb and was successfully anchored to eight pseudochromosomes. A total of 28,698 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 27,476 were functionally annotated. The BUSCO completeness score reached 98.9%, indicating a high level of assembly completeness and accuracy. Based on this T2T genome assembly, we reconstructed historical changes in effective population size using the PSMC model. The results revealed pronounced long-term fluctuations in population size, followed by a recent continuous decline. This study provides an important genomic resource for exploring the mechanisms underlying the endangered status of O. rehderiana offering a foundation for conservation genetics research on plant species with extremely small populations.
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BibTeX
@article{cheng2026telomeretotelomere,
title = {{A Telomere-to-Telomere Genome Assembly and Demographic History Inference of Ostrya rehderiana}},
author = {Wei-Yi Cheng and Tian-Yu Xue and Yuan-Yuan Li and Rong Wang and Lei Zhao and Xiao-Yong Chen},
journal = {G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1093/g3journal/jkag297},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/g3journal/advance-article/doi/10.1093/g3journal/jkag297/9001778},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A Telomere-to-Telomere Genome Assembly and Demographic History Inference of Ostrya rehderiana
AU - Wei-Yi Cheng
AU - Tian-Yu Xue
AU - Yuan-Yuan Li
AU - Rong Wang
AU - Lei Zhao
AU - Xiao-Yong Chen
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/26
JO - G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics
DO - 10.1093/g3journal/jkag297
UR - https://academic.oup.com/g3journal/advance-article/doi/10.1093/g3journal/jkag297/9001778
AB - Ostrya rehderiana is a critically endangered plant species with an extremely small population size. However, the absence of high-quality genome assembly has impeded the understanding of the causes and genetic consequences of its endangered status, especially how theses genetic consequences result in the failure of its population regeneration. In this study, we integrated PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore (ONT) long-read sequencing, Hi-C, Illumina resequencing, and RNA-seq data to generate a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assembly and annotation for this species. The assembled genome has a total size of 349.04 Mb and was successfully anchored to eight pseudochromosomes. A total of 28,698 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 27,476 were functionally annotated. The BUSCO completeness score reached 98.9%, indicating a high level of assembly completeness and accuracy. Based on this T2T genome assembly, we reconstructed historical changes in effective population size using the PSMC model. The results revealed pronounced long-term fluctuations in population size, followed by a recent continuous decline. This study provides an important genomic resource for exploring the mechanisms underlying the endangered status of O. rehderiana offering a foundation for conservation genetics research on plant species with extremely small populations.
SN - 2160-1836
ER -