Drug-related problems among hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases in China: a retrospective study
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital
- 2Department of Cardiology, Hefei BOE Hospital
Abstract
Background: Data are lacking on the baseline characteristics of drug-related problems (DRPs) and the impact of clinical pharmacy activities among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in China. This study aimed to characterize the features of DRPs in patients with CVDs and to identify factors associated with the presence of multiple DRPs.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among hospitalized patients with CVDs at a tertiary hospital in China from July 2022 to February 2024. During the study period, clinical pharmacists reviewed medication orders, documented DRPs and interventions, and classified DRPs according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) Classification version 9.1. Baseline characteristics were evaluated, and patients were stratified into two groups based on the number of DRPs: those with a single DRP and those with multiple DRPs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the presence of multiple DRPs.
Results: In total, 312 interventions associated with DRPs were recorded for 213 hospitalized patients with CVDs, and 30.52% of the patients with at least one DRP experienced multiple DRPs. The most frequent category of DRPs was “treatment effectiveness (P1)”, whereas the most common cause was “drug selection (C1)”. The most common intervention was “drug started (I3.6)”. Of all recommendations made, 75.00% were accepted and implemented (A1.1) and a further 13.14% were accepted but not implemented (A1.3), yielding an overall acceptance rate of 88.14% (A1). Multivariable analysis revealed that eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m² (OR = 2.280, 95% CI: 1.035-5.020, P = 0.041) and hospital stay 7 days (OR = 2.615, 95% CI: 1.148-5.955, P =0.022) were significantly associated with the presence of multiple DRPs.
Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists identified a considerable number of guideline-discordant medication decisions in hospitalized patients with CVDs, and prescribers accepted most of the resulting recommendations.
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BibTeX
@article{wu2026drugrelated,
title = {{Drug-related problems among hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases in China: a retrospective study}},
author = {Xinan Wu and Deying Xu and Qian Wang and Shanshan Gao and Xueyuan Hou and Lingling Huang and Feifei Wang},
journal = {Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3389/fcvm.2026.1970846},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2026.1970846/full},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Drug-related problems among hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases in China: a retrospective study
AU - Xinan Wu
AU - Deying Xu
AU - Qian Wang
AU - Shanshan Gao
AU - Xueyuan Hou
AU - Lingling Huang
AU - Feifei Wang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/05
JO - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
DO - 10.3389/fcvm.2026.1970846
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2026.1970846/full
AB - Background: Data are lacking on the baseline characteristics of drug-related problems (DRPs) and the impact of clinical pharmacy activities among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in China. This study aimed to characterize the features of DRPs in patients with CVDs and to identify factors associated with the presence of multiple DRPs. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among hospitalized patients with CVDs at a tertiary hospital in China from July 2022 to February 2024. During the study period, clinical pharmacists reviewed medication orders, documented DRPs and interventions, and classified DRPs according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) Classification version 9.1. Baseline characteristics were evaluated, and patients were stratified into two groups based on the number of DRPs: those with a single DRP and those with multiple DRPs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the presence of multiple DRPs. Results: In total, 312 interventions associated with DRPs were recorded for 213 hospitalized patients with CVDs, and 30.52% of the patients with at least one DRP experienced multiple DRPs. The most frequent category of DRPs was “treatment effectiveness (P1)”, whereas the most common cause was “drug selection (C1)”. The most common intervention was “drug started (I3.6)”. Of all recommendations made, 75.00% were accepted and implemented (A1.1) and a further 13.14% were accepted but not implemented (A1.3), yielding an overall acceptance rate of 88.14% (A1). Multivariable analysis revealed that eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m² (OR = 2.280, 95% CI: 1.035-5.020, P = 0.041) and hospital stay 7 days (OR = 2.615, 95% CI: 1.148-5.955, P =0.022) were significantly associated with the presence of multiple DRPs. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists identified a considerable number of guideline-discordant medication decisions in hospitalized patients with CVDs, and prescribers accepted most of the resulting recommendations.
SN - 2297-055X
ER -