Textile-Integrated Electrochemical Sensing Approaches for Monitoring Wound-Relevant Biochemical Markers.
- 1Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- 2Institut für Fördertechnik und Kunststoffe, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany.
- 3Textilforschungsinstitut Thueringen-Vogtland e.V.-TITV Greiz, Yvonne Zimmermann, Greiz, Germany.
Abstract
Wearable electrochemical sensors offer promising opportunities for wound-related biochemical assessment by enabling the detection of wound-relevant biomarkers directly at the skin-wound interface. In this study, we present a textile-integrated sensor platform for dual-analyte response of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and enzymatically quantified lactate, which are key indicators of oxidative stress and metabolic activity, respectively. The redox sensor was fabricated using platinum-coated Shieldex working electrodes and Ag/AgCl reference electrodes, arranged in a coaxial winding yarn. Besides having the same type of reference electrode in the setup, the lactate sensor employed a gold-based working electrode functionalized with a chitosan-PPD-lactate oxidase (LOx) multilayer along with a platinum-based counter electrode. Electrochemical characterisation showed that the redox sensor exhibited consistent current-time response behaviour, approaching a quasi-stabilised response level within approximately 180 s, and demonstrating a measurable response trend across a broad experimentally explored H₂O₂ concentration range (from the micromolar to high millimolar range). The lactate sensor produced repeatable qualitative current increases of approximately 25% and 50% at 2 mM and 4 mM lactate, respectively, with response magnitude affected by pH and temperature. Biocompatibility testing confirmed no cytotoxic effects for gold- and platinum-based electrodes, and only moderate effects for Ag/AgCl under prolonged incubation, supporting the suitability of the primary sensing elements for wound-contact applications. Taken together, the results demonstrate proof-of-concept functionality under controlled laboratory conditions, while comprehensive analytical validation remains the subject of future work, which supports the potential of textile-based electrochemical sensors for integration into next-generation smart wound dressings. Future research will also focus on environmental compensation, enzyme stabilisation and further system optimisation for wound-relevant operation.
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BibTeX
@article{khan2026textileintegrated,
title = {{Textile-Integrated Electrochemical Sensing Approaches for Monitoring Wound-Relevant Biochemical Markers.}},
author = {Adnan Maroof Khan and Johannes Wendler and Yvonne Zimmermann and Dilbar Aibibu and Michael Wöltje and Chokri Cherif},
journal = {International wound journal},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1111/iwj.71083},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958837},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Textile-Integrated Electrochemical Sensing Approaches for Monitoring Wound-Relevant Biochemical Markers.
AU - Adnan Maroof Khan
AU - Johannes Wendler
AU - Yvonne Zimmermann
AU - Dilbar Aibibu
AU - Michael Wöltje
AU - Chokri Cherif
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/29
JO - International wound journal
DO - 10.1111/iwj.71083
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958837
AB - Wearable electrochemical sensors offer promising opportunities for wound-related biochemical assessment by enabling the detection of wound-relevant biomarkers directly at the skin-wound interface. In this study, we present a textile-integrated sensor platform for dual-analyte response of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and enzymatically quantified lactate, which are key indicators of oxidative stress and metabolic activity, respectively. The redox sensor was fabricated using platinum-coated Shieldex working electrodes and Ag/AgCl reference electrodes, arranged in a coaxial winding yarn. Besides having the same type of reference electrode in the setup, the lactate sensor employed a gold-based working electrode functionalized with a chitosan-PPD-lactate oxidase (LOx) multilayer along with a platinum-based counter electrode. Electrochemical characterisation showed that the redox sensor exhibited consistent current-time response behaviour, approaching a quasi-stabilised response level within approximately 180 s, and demonstrating a measurable response trend across a broad experimentally explored H₂O₂ concentration range (from the micromolar to high millimolar range). The lactate sensor produced repeatable qualitative current increases of approximately 25% and 50% at 2 mM and 4 mM lactate, respectively, with response magnitude affected by pH and temperature. Biocompatibility testing confirmed no cytotoxic effects for gold- and platinum-based electrodes, and only moderate effects for Ag/AgCl under prolonged incubation, supporting the suitability of the primary sensing elements for wound-contact applications. Taken together, the results demonstrate proof-of-concept functionality under controlled laboratory conditions, while comprehensive analytical validation remains the subject of future work, which supports the potential of textile-based electrochemical sensors for integration into next-generation smart wound dressings. Future research will also focus on environmental compensation, enzyme stabilisation and further system optimisation for wound-relevant operation.
SN - 1742-4801
SN - 1742-481X
ER -