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PreprintCC BY-NC-NDChemRxiv

Correlative super-resolution microscopy reveals preferential localization of quantum color center formation on carbon nanotubes

  • Sourath Jiji Haridasan1,2,3,4
  • Benjamin Lambert1,2,3,4
  • Blanca Martín Muñoz1,2,3,4
  • Benjamin Flavel5
  • Laurent Cognet1,2,3,4
5 affiliations
  1. 1Laboratoire Photonique Numerique et Nanosciences
  2. 2Université de Bordeaux
  3. 3LP2N
  4. 4Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS UMR
  5. 5Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, Karlsruhe, Germany, D-76131
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Abstract

Covalent quantum color centers, (CCs) introduced onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) create localized, red-shifted emission states with promising applications in quantum photonics, biosensing and bioimaging. Yet, the mechanisms governing where and how these color centers form on the SWCNTs remain poorly understood. To address this question, we mapped, in real time, the precise position of aryl CCs formed by photoinduced diazonium chemistry along individual (6,5) SWCNTs by combining, within a correlative framework, two complementary super-resolution imaging modalities: single-molecule localization microscopy of individual CC formation events and analytical reconstruction of the SWCNT backbone. We reveal that CC formation is not spatially random as CCs preferentially localize towards the central regions of nanotubes, away from their ends, and exhibit pronounced spatial clustering. Ruling out curvaturedriven effects, we attribute this clustering to non-uniform surfactant coverage along the nanotube, which creates locally exposed and chemically-reactive domains. These results establish nanotube surface heterogeneity as a key determinant of CC positioning and point toward strategies for the deterministic, spatially controlled engineering of quantum emitters on carbon nanotubes.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{haridasan2026correlative,
  title = {{Correlative super-resolution microscopy reveals preferential localization of quantum color center formation on carbon nanotubes}},
  author = {Sourath Jiji Haridasan and Benjamin Lambert and Blanca Martín Muñoz and Benjamin Flavel and Laurent Cognet},
  howpublished = {ChemRxiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.26434/chemrxiv.15008383/v1},
  url = {https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008383/v1},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Correlative super-resolution microscopy reveals preferential localization of quantum color center formation on carbon nanotubes
AU  - Sourath Jiji Haridasan
AU  - Benjamin Lambert
AU  - Blanca Martín Muñoz
AU  - Benjamin Flavel
AU  - Laurent Cognet
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/07
PB  - ChemRxiv
DO  - 10.26434/chemrxiv.15008383/v1
UR  - https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15008383/v1
AB  - Covalent quantum color centers, (CCs) introduced onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) create localized, red-shifted emission states with promising applications in quantum photonics, biosensing and bioimaging. Yet, the mechanisms governing where and how these color centers form on the SWCNTs remain poorly understood. To address this question, we mapped, in real time, the precise position of aryl CCs formed by photoinduced diazonium chemistry along individual (6,5) SWCNTs by combining, within a correlative framework, two complementary super-resolution imaging modalities: single-molecule localization microscopy of individual CC formation events and analytical reconstruction of the SWCNT backbone. We reveal that CC formation is not spatially random as CCs preferentially localize towards the central regions of nanotubes, away from their ends, and exhibit pronounced spatial clustering. Ruling out curvaturedriven effects, we attribute this clustering to non-uniform surfactant coverage along the nanotube, which creates locally exposed and chemically-reactive domains. These results establish nanotube surface heterogeneity as a key determinant of CC positioning and point toward strategies for the deterministic, spatially controlled engineering of quantum emitters on carbon nanotubes.
ER  -