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Peer-reviewedCC BYPLOS One

Bearing capacity attenuation and energy response of end-anchored bodies under dynamic disturbance with different frequencies

  • Xiaolong Zhen1
  • Wen Wang1,2,3
  • Xiaowei Lu1
  • Guang Zhao1
  • Ning Li4
  • Chuanjiu Zhang5
  • Shuren Wang6
6 affiliations
  1. 1School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China.
  2. 2Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High-Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo, Henan, China.
  3. 3Zhengzhou Institute for Advanced Research of Henan Polytechnic University, Zhengzhou, China.
  4. 4School of Civil Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
  5. 5Shendong Coal Group of China Energy Co., Ltd., Shenmu, Shanxi, China.
  6. 6School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China.
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Abstract

Dynamic disturbances significantly impact the stability of end-anchored systems, yet their bearing capacity attenuation and energy response evolution remain poorly understood. This study investigated sandstone end-anchored specimens with anchorage lengths of 300 mm and 600 mm. By conducting comparative static pull-out tests and pull-out tests following sinusoidal cyclic disturbances via a custom-designed apparatus, coupled with Particle Flow Code 2D (PFC2D) numerical simulations, the capacity attenuation, energy dissipation, and internal damage evolution were analyzed. Results reveal a negative correlation between bearing capacity and disturbance frequency. Low-frequency (10 Hz) disturbances cause severe damage, triggering extensive interfacial debonding, whereas 50–200 Hz disturbances induce highly localized damage. The failure process involves elastic, slip, debonding-slip, and complete detachment stages, governed by a tensile-shear mode. This is characterized by axial debonding along the cable-anchoring agent interface and radial or oblique tensile micro-cracking within the anchoring agent. Low-frequency energy propagates efficiently over long distances and continuously accumulates, whereas high-frequency energy dissipates rapidly. Furthermore, extending the anchorage length to 600 mm effectively enhances system rigidity and dynamic resistance. Numerical simulations confirm that lower frequencies accelerate tensile crack development, exacerbating internal damage and capacity degradation.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zhen2026bearing,
  title = {{Bearing capacity attenuation and energy response of end-anchored bodies under dynamic disturbance with different frequencies}},
  author = {Xiaolong Zhen and Wen Wang and Xiaowei Lu and Guang Zhao and Ning Li and Chuanjiu Zhang and Shuren Wang},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0354419},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0354419},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Bearing capacity attenuation and energy response of end-anchored bodies under dynamic disturbance with different frequencies
AU  - Xiaolong Zhen
AU  - Wen Wang
AU  - Xiaowei Lu
AU  - Guang Zhao
AU  - Ning Li
AU  - Chuanjiu Zhang
AU  - Shuren Wang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/23
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0354419
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0354419
AB  - Dynamic disturbances significantly impact the stability of end-anchored systems, yet their bearing capacity attenuation and energy response evolution remain poorly understood. This study investigated sandstone end-anchored specimens with anchorage lengths of 300 mm and 600 mm. By conducting comparative static pull-out tests and pull-out tests following sinusoidal cyclic disturbances via a custom-designed apparatus, coupled with Particle Flow Code 2D (PFC2D) numerical simulations, the capacity attenuation, energy dissipation, and internal damage evolution were analyzed. Results reveal a negative correlation between bearing capacity and disturbance frequency. Low-frequency (10 Hz) disturbances cause severe damage, triggering extensive interfacial debonding, whereas 50–200 Hz disturbances induce highly localized damage. The failure process involves elastic, slip, debonding-slip, and complete detachment stages, governed by a tensile-shear mode. This is characterized by axial debonding along the cable-anchoring agent interface and radial or oblique tensile micro-cracking within the anchoring agent. Low-frequency energy propagates efficiently over long distances and continuously accumulates, whereas high-frequency energy dissipates rapidly. Furthermore, extending the anchorage length to 600 mm effectively enhances system rigidity and dynamic resistance. Numerical simulations confirm that lower frequencies accelerate tensile crack development, exacerbating internal damage and capacity degradation.
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  -