Beam Spill Structure Measurements at CEE Using the T0 Detector
Abstract
The Cooling Storage Ring External-target Experiment (CEE) at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou uses a slow-extracted heavy-ion beam whose temporal profile directly affects detector occupancy. The existing CEE T0 detector, originally designed to provide the event start time, is extended in this work to measure the spill structure immediately upstream of the fixed target. The detector consists of a 0.8-mm-thick EJ-200 plastic scintillator read out by 16 silicon photomultipliers at each end. The SiPM signals are conditioned and discriminated by the NINO front-end electronics, and the resulting timing signals are recorded using an FPGA-based time-to-digital converter. In laboratory tests, with the laser trigger set to its maximum available repetition frequency of 100~MHz, the recorded T0 hit-rate distribution was concentrated around 100~MHz. During the June 2024 beam test with 350-MeV/u Kr ions, the accelerator team varied several operating settings, including RF-KO, sextupole, and feedback settings, while T0 independently recorded the corresponding spill profiles. An empirical representation was used to extract the rise, plateau, and fall durations from the stored profiles. The plateau duration was used as the primary comparison metric while accelerator stability and RF-system load were also considered. The measurements clearly distinguished the spill-profile responses associated with different accelerator settings. The spill obtained with the selected settings exhibited a more nearly rectangular envelope than the initial profile, although residual fluctuations and a terminal spike remained. These results demonstrate that the existing CEE T0 detector can provide independent beam-structure information during accelerator tuning.
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BibTeX
@misc{lv2026beam,
title = {{Beam Spill Structure Measurements at CEE Using the T0 Detector}},
author = {Shuaike Lv and D. Hu and Dayu Yin and Haoqian Xu and Herun Yang and He Zhao and JiaJun Qin and Junfeng Yang and Juan Ruan and Jie Li and Ke Sun and Lei Zhao and Lijun Mao and M. Shao and Min Li and Meitang Tang and Shiya Huang and Tong Liu and Tingting Hou and Weilong Li and Wenwen Ge and XiangLun Wei and Yuhong Yu and Yingjie Zhou and Yiding Zhao and Yapeng Zhang and Zhoubo He and Zhijie Li and Zixuan He and Ziyang Wei and Zhiyu Sun and Zhengyang Sun},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.13004},
eprint = {2610.13004},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.13004},
note = {CC BY-NC-SA 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Beam Spill Structure Measurements at CEE Using the T0 Detector
AU - Shuaike Lv
AU - D. Hu
AU - Dayu Yin
AU - Haoqian Xu
AU - Herun Yang
AU - He Zhao
AU - JiaJun Qin
AU - Junfeng Yang
AU - Juan Ruan
AU - Jie Li
AU - Ke Sun
AU - Lei Zhao
AU - Lijun Mao
AU - M. Shao
AU - Min Li
AU - Meitang Tang
AU - Shiya Huang
AU - Tong Liu
AU - Tingting Hou
AU - Weilong Li
AU - Wenwen Ge
AU - XiangLun Wei
AU - Yuhong Yu
AU - Yingjie Zhou
AU - Yiding Zhao
AU - Yapeng Zhang
AU - Zhoubo He
AU - Zhijie Li
AU - Zixuan He
AU - Ziyang Wei
AU - Zhiyu Sun
AU - Zhengyang Sun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/09
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.13004
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.13004
AB - The Cooling Storage Ring External-target Experiment (CEE) at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou uses a slow-extracted heavy-ion beam whose temporal profile directly affects detector occupancy. The existing CEE T0 detector, originally designed to provide the event start time, is extended in this work to measure the spill structure immediately upstream of the fixed target. The detector consists of a 0.8-mm-thick EJ-200 plastic scintillator read out by 16 silicon photomultipliers at each end. The SiPM signals are conditioned and discriminated by the NINO front-end electronics, and the resulting timing signals are recorded using an FPGA-based time-to-digital converter. In laboratory tests, with the laser trigger set to its maximum available repetition frequency of 100~MHz, the recorded T0 hit-rate distribution was concentrated around 100~MHz. During the June 2024 beam test with 350-MeV/u Kr ions, the accelerator team varied several operating settings, including RF-KO, sextupole, and feedback settings, while T0 independently recorded the corresponding spill profiles. An empirical representation was used to extract the rise, plateau, and fall durations from the stored profiles. The plateau duration was used as the primary comparison metric while accelerator stability and RF-system load were also considered. The measurements clearly distinguished the spill-profile responses associated with different accelerator settings. The spill obtained with the selected settings exhibited a more nearly rectangular envelope than the initial profile, although residual fluctuations and a terminal spike remained. These results demonstrate that the existing CEE T0 detector can provide independent beam-structure information during accelerator tuning.
ER -