A Comparative Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Shear Bond Strength of Two Ceramic Repair Systems After Different Chemical and Mechanical Surface Treatments: An In Vitro Study
- 1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, IND
Abstract
Background Porcelain fracture in metal-ceramic restorations remains a common clinical complication. Effective intraoral repair depends on durable adhesion between the repair material and the fractured substrate. Surface treatment methods significantly influence the mechanical and adhesive properties of these repairs, yet the comparative efficacy of newer approaches, such as glycine powder air abrasion, remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of four different surface treatments: a diamond bur, air-abrasive glycine powder, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, and 37% phosphoric acid, on the maximum load, shear bond strength, and failure modes of repaired metal-ceramic surfaces using two commercially available ceramic repair systems. Materials and methods Sixty-four nickel-chromium metal-ceramic specimens were evaluated. The specimens were divided into two groups (n = 32 each) according to the ceramic repair system used: Group A (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Group B (Shofu). Each group was further divided into four subgroups (n = 8) based on the surface-treatment modality. Surface defects were standardized and repaired according to the manufacturers' protocols. Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for seven days and thermocycled for 500 cycles between 6°C and 60°C. Shear bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were examined under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons where appropriate. Failure-mode distributions were analyzed using the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test (α = 0.05). Results In both groups, glycine powder produced the highest mean maximum load and shear bond strength, whereas phosphoric acid yielded the lowest values. Significant differences were observed for maximum load in both groups and for shear bond strength in Group A. Failure mode analysis showed fewer adhesive failures with glycine powder and APF gel. Conclusions Surface treatment with glycine powder effectively enhanced maximum load and shear bond strength and may provide clinical benefit for intraoral repair of metal-ceramic restorations.
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BibTeX
@article{patil2026comparative,
title = {{A Comparative Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Shear Bond Strength of Two Ceramic Repair Systems After Different Chemical and Mechanical Surface Treatments: An In Vitro Study}},
author = {Priyanka A Patil and Shubha Joshi and Pronob Sanyal},
journal = {Cureus},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.7759/cureus.117126},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13717538},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A Comparative Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Shear Bond Strength of Two Ceramic Repair Systems After Different Chemical and Mechanical Surface Treatments: An In Vitro Study
AU - Priyanka A Patil
AU - Shubha Joshi
AU - Pronob Sanyal
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/29
JO - Cureus
DO - 10.7759/cureus.117126
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13717538
AB - Background Porcelain fracture in metal-ceramic restorations remains a common clinical complication. Effective intraoral repair depends on durable adhesion between the repair material and the fractured substrate. Surface treatment methods significantly influence the mechanical and adhesive properties of these repairs, yet the comparative efficacy of newer approaches, such as glycine powder air abrasion, remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of four different surface treatments: a diamond bur, air-abrasive glycine powder, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, and 37% phosphoric acid, on the maximum load, shear bond strength, and failure modes of repaired metal-ceramic surfaces using two commercially available ceramic repair systems. Materials and methods Sixty-four nickel-chromium metal-ceramic specimens were evaluated. The specimens were divided into two groups (n = 32 each) according to the ceramic repair system used: Group A (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Group B (Shofu). Each group was further divided into four subgroups (n = 8) based on the surface-treatment modality. Surface defects were standardized and repaired according to the manufacturers' protocols. Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for seven days and thermocycled for 500 cycles between 6°C and 60°C. Shear bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were examined under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons where appropriate. Failure-mode distributions were analyzed using the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test (α = 0.05). Results In both groups, glycine powder produced the highest mean maximum load and shear bond strength, whereas phosphoric acid yielded the lowest values. Significant differences were observed for maximum load in both groups and for shear bond strength in Group A. Failure mode analysis showed fewer adhesive failures with glycine powder and APF gel. Conclusions Surface treatment with glycine powder effectively enhanced maximum load and shear bond strength and may provide clinical benefit for intraoral repair of metal-ceramic restorations.
SN - 2168-8184
ER -