Acrylic-assisted immobilization of Cu₂O-Ag domains on a 3D loofah monolith for adsorption-assisted visible-light photodecolorization.
- 1Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry Vietnam [email protected].
- 2Faculty of Garment Technology and Fashion Design, Hanoi University of Industry Vietnam.
- 3Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, TNU-University of Science Tan Thinh Ward Thai Nguyen City 24000 Vietnam.
Abstract
Immobilizing visible-light-responsive photocatalysts within recoverable porous architectures requires a balance among active-phase retention, interfacial accessibility, and photon exposure. Here, Cu₂O-Ag-containing domains were immobilized on a three-dimensional loofah scaffold through an acrylic-assisted strategy to construct a recoverable Cu₂O-Ag@ACR/LF-3D monolith integrating a lignocellulosic sorptive framework, a polymeric immobilization interface, and visible-light-responsive domains. FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX mapping, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance analyses confirmed incorporation of the acrylic phase, retention of crystalline Cu₂O, spatial distribution of Cu- and Ag-containing domains, and an apparent optical band gap of 1.99 eV. Control experiments showed that the pronounced dye removal was associated predominantly with the intact monolith rather than adsorption, direct photolysis, or leached species alone. Response surface methodology identified optimum conditions at pH 5.94, an initial dye concentration of 68.07 mg L⁻¹, and a monolith dosage of 0.71 g, yielding a predicted decolorization efficiency of 98.14% and an experimentally validated value of 96.43%. TOC decreased by approximately 62% after 180 min, indicating substantial but incomplete mineralization, while reactive-species trapping supported the participation of ˙O₂ ⁻, h⁺, and ˙OH, with stronger contributions from ˙O₂ ⁻ and h⁺-associated pathways. The monolith remained readily recoverable, although efficiency decreased to 63.62% after five reuse cycles. Post-cycle SEM-EDX and AAS revealed surface evolution and measurable Cu release, identifying active-phase retention, particularly Cu retention, as a principal materials-stability limitation.
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BibTeX
@article{dam2026acrylicassisted,
title = {{Acrylic-assisted immobilization of Cu₂O-Ag domains on a 3D loofah monolith for adsorption-assisted visible-light photodecolorization.}},
author = {Xuan Thang Dam and Thi Thu Giang Pham and Thuy Van Ngo and Trong Tuan Nguyen and Truong Xuan Vuong},
journal = {RSC advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1039/d6ra07776e},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923776},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Acrylic-assisted immobilization of Cu₂O-Ag domains on a 3D loofah monolith for adsorption-assisted visible-light photodecolorization.
AU - Xuan Thang Dam
AU - Thi Thu Giang Pham
AU - Thuy Van Ngo
AU - Trong Tuan Nguyen
AU - Truong Xuan Vuong
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/22
JO - RSC advances
DO - 10.1039/d6ra07776e
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923776
AB - Immobilizing visible-light-responsive photocatalysts within recoverable porous architectures requires a balance among active-phase retention, interfacial accessibility, and photon exposure. Here, Cu₂O-Ag-containing domains were immobilized on a three-dimensional loofah scaffold through an acrylic-assisted strategy to construct a recoverable Cu₂O-Ag@ACR/LF-3D monolith integrating a lignocellulosic sorptive framework, a polymeric immobilization interface, and visible-light-responsive domains. FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX mapping, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance analyses confirmed incorporation of the acrylic phase, retention of crystalline Cu₂O, spatial distribution of Cu- and Ag-containing domains, and an apparent optical band gap of 1.99 eV. Control experiments showed that the pronounced dye removal was associated predominantly with the intact monolith rather than adsorption, direct photolysis, or leached species alone. Response surface methodology identified optimum conditions at pH 5.94, an initial dye concentration of 68.07 mg L⁻¹, and a monolith dosage of 0.71 g, yielding a predicted decolorization efficiency of 98.14% and an experimentally validated value of 96.43%. TOC decreased by approximately 62% after 180 min, indicating substantial but incomplete mineralization, while reactive-species trapping supported the participation of ˙O₂ ⁻, h⁺, and ˙OH, with stronger contributions from ˙O₂ ⁻ and h⁺-associated pathways. The monolith remained readily recoverable, although efficiency decreased to 63.62% after five reuse cycles. Post-cycle SEM-EDX and AAS revealed surface evolution and measurable Cu release, identifying active-phase retention, particularly Cu retention, as a principal materials-stability limitation.
SN - 2046-2069
ER -