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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Hypertension Research

Knowledge of hypertension and understanding of home blood pressure monitoring among hypertensive patients in India: results from the GRAND Study

  • Anuj Maheshwari1
  • Noriko Matsushita2,3
  • Rituparna Barooah4
  • Smitha Bhat5
  • Natarajan Bhavatharini6
  • Arun Goel7
  • Aloke Kumar Gupta8
  • Amit Gupta9
  • Arvind Gupta10
  • Vitull Kumar Gupta11
  • Aravinda Jagadeesha12
  • Rachna Parashar13
11 more authors
  • Bijay Patni14
  • Banshi Saboo15
  • Divya Saxena16
  • Nagendra Kumar Singh17
  • Ramji Singh18
  • Ruchi Singh13
  • Saurabh Srivastava19
  • Sachiko Ohde3
  • Yutaka Imai20
  • Narsingh Verma21
  • Takayoshi Ohkubo22
22 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Internal Medicine, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Heerpur, Uttar Pradesh India
  2. 2Global Medical Affairs, Asia Pacific Regional, Omron Healthcare Singapore, Pte. Ltd., Alexandra Techno Park, Singapore
  3. 3Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan
  4. 4Department of Physiology, Northeastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya India
  5. 5Father Muller Medical College, Kankanady, Mangalore, India
  6. 6S.R.C Diabetes Care Centre, Erode, Tamil Nadu India
  7. 7Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
  8. 8Diabetes Education and Research Center, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh India
  9. 9Centre for Diabetes Care, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
  10. 10Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes, RHL- Rajasthan Hospital, Rajasthan Jaipur, India
  11. 11Department of Medicine, Kishori Ram Hospital and Diabetes Care Centre, Bathinda, Punjab India
  12. 12Dr. Arvinda’s Diabetes Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
  13. 13Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
  14. 14Diabetes Wellness Care, Kolkata, West Bengal India
  15. 15Diabetes, Diacare, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
  16. 16Saxena Multispeciality Hospital, Sonipat, Haryana India
  17. 17Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Heart Research Centre, Dhanbad, Jharkhand India
  18. 18Executive Director, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Kalyani, West Bengal India
  19. 19Department of Medicine, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
  20. 20Tohoku Institute for Management of Blood Pressure, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
  21. 21Principal and Dean, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
  22. 22Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract

Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is recommended for the management of hypertension; however, patients’ understanding of hypertension and HBPM remains insufficient. This multicenter cross-sectional study assessed knowledge of hypertension and HBPM among 1920 patients receiving pharmacological treatment across 12 states in India and identified factors associated with relatively higher knowledge. Knowledge was evaluated across four domains: understanding of clinic and home blood pressure (BP) thresholds, awareness of causes of hypertension, recognition of risks associated with uncontrolled BP, and awareness of the benefits of HBPM. The median knowledge score was 1 (range 0–7), indicating generally low knowledge. Knowledge varied across domains, with particularly poor understanding of BP thresholds and limited awareness of HBPM benefits, while awareness of causes and complications was relatively higher but still insufficient. Relatively higher knowledge (≥75th percentile) was observed in 38.0% of participants and was more common among participants with prior HBPM experience than among those without prior HBPM experience (46.9% vs. 29.9%, p < 0.001). Higher education, type of healthcare facility, and prior HBPM experience were associated with relatively higher knowledge. These findings suggest that knowledge of hypertension among patients in India is limited and domain-specific, with critical gaps in areas essential for interpreting and utilizing BP measurements. Improving hypertension management may require not only promoting HBPM but also strengthening patient education. Clinical trial registration status: Registered at Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI) under CTRI/2023/02/049486 on 06 February 2023.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{maheshwari2026knowledge,
  title = {{Knowledge of hypertension and understanding of home blood pressure monitoring among hypertensive patients in India: results from the GRAND Study}},
  author = {Anuj Maheshwari and Noriko Matsushita and Rituparna Barooah and Smitha Bhat and Natarajan Bhavatharini and Arun Goel and Aloke Kumar Gupta and Amit Gupta and Arvind Gupta and Vitull Kumar Gupta and Aravinda Jagadeesha and Rachna Parashar and Bijay Patni and Banshi Saboo and Divya Saxena and Nagendra Kumar Singh and Ramji Singh and Ruchi Singh and Saurabh Srivastava and Sachiko Ohde and Yutaka Imai and Narsingh Verma and Takayoshi Ohkubo},
  journal = {Hypertension Research},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1038/s41440-026-02763-w},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-026-02763-w},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Knowledge of hypertension and understanding of home blood pressure monitoring among hypertensive patients in India: results from the GRAND Study
AU  - Anuj Maheshwari
AU  - Noriko Matsushita
AU  - Rituparna Barooah
AU  - Smitha Bhat
AU  - Natarajan Bhavatharini
AU  - Arun Goel
AU  - Aloke Kumar Gupta
AU  - Amit Gupta
AU  - Arvind Gupta
AU  - Vitull Kumar Gupta
AU  - Aravinda Jagadeesha
AU  - Rachna Parashar
AU  - Bijay Patni
AU  - Banshi Saboo
AU  - Divya Saxena
AU  - Nagendra Kumar Singh
AU  - Ramji Singh
AU  - Ruchi Singh
AU  - Saurabh Srivastava
AU  - Sachiko Ohde
AU  - Yutaka Imai
AU  - Narsingh Verma
AU  - Takayoshi Ohkubo
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/21
JO  - Hypertension Research
DO  - 10.1038/s41440-026-02763-w
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-026-02763-w
AB  - Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is recommended for the management of hypertension; however, patients’ understanding of hypertension and HBPM remains insufficient. This multicenter cross-sectional study assessed knowledge of hypertension and HBPM among 1920 patients receiving pharmacological treatment across 12 states in India and identified factors associated with relatively higher knowledge. Knowledge was evaluated across four domains: understanding of clinic and home blood pressure (BP) thresholds, awareness of causes of hypertension, recognition of risks associated with uncontrolled BP, and awareness of the benefits of HBPM. The median knowledge score was 1 (range 0–7), indicating generally low knowledge. Knowledge varied across domains, with particularly poor understanding of BP thresholds and limited awareness of HBPM benefits, while awareness of causes and complications was relatively higher but still insufficient. Relatively higher knowledge (≥75th percentile) was observed in 38.0% of participants and was more common among participants with prior HBPM experience than among those without prior HBPM experience (46.9% vs. 29.9%, p < 0.001). Higher education, type of healthcare facility, and prior HBPM experience were associated with relatively higher knowledge. These findings suggest that knowledge of hypertension among patients in India is limited and domain-specific, with critical gaps in areas essential for interpreting and utilizing BP measurements. Improving hypertension management may require not only promoting HBPM but also strengthening patient education. Clinical trial registration status: Registered at Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI) under CTRI/2023/02/049486 on 06 February 2023.
SN  - 0916-9636
SN  - 1348-4214
ER  -