Clinical, Laboratory, and Histopathological Correlates of Disease Progression in Adult Nephrotic Syndrome

Abstract

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a significant nephrological challenge characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, with incompletely understood pathogenesis. This study evaluated clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features of adult NS patients and identified correlates of disease progression.

Methods: This case-control study included 60 participants (50 NS patients, 10 healthy controls) over two years (February 2024–February 2026). Clinical data and stool samples were collected before steroid or immunosuppressive therapy to avoid confounding. Clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, urinary biomarkers, and renal histopathology were systematically assessed. Statistical analysis used SPSS version 20, with significance at p ≤ 0.05.

Results: CKD stage 1 was most frequent (41.7%), followed by stage 2 (30.0%). Proteinuria +4 occurred in 36.7%. Membranous nephropathy (25.0%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (23.3%) predominated histopathologically. Most patients (83.3%) received steroids, with 41.7% on combination therapy. Significant differences between patients and controls were found for body weight (p=0.033), BMI (p=0.046), hemoglobin (p<0.001), renal function (p<0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001). Lower limb edema was most prevalent (81.7%), followed by eye puffiness (73.3%) and upper limb edema (73.3%).

Conclusions: This study comprehensively characterizes adult NS, revealing significant associations between disease severity markers and histopathological subtypes. The high prevalence of combination immunosuppressive therapy reflects substantial disease burden, highlighting the need for personalized management based on comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and histopathological assessment.

Clinical, laboratory, operative, and appendiceal morphometric correlates of histopathological appendicitis severity: A retrospective cohort study from Palestine
Ali Shakhshir, Mahdi Aljamal, Abdallah Alem +2
PLOS One9 Sep 2026Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Full textCell biology ImmunologyPLOS
Baseline and Dynamic Clinical-Laboratory Risk Models for Early Progression or Death During PD-(L)1 Blockade in Advanced NSCLC: Development and Internal Validation.
Mehmet Fatih Ozbay, Mehmet Hunur, Sertac Vurgun +3
Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)30 Sep 2026Peer-reviewedCC BYFull textOncologyEurope PMC
Nephrotic range proteinuria and rapid progression to end-stage kidney disease in seronegative pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis masked by cutaneous lesions: a case-based review.
Aleksandra Gałan, Filip Koszałka, Izabela Zakrocka +4
Rheumatology international5 Oct 2026Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDFull textGeneral medicineEurope PMC
Histopathological and Quantitative Correlates of Intraoperative Narrow Band Imaging in Brain Metastasis Surgery.
Tadashi Higuchi, Shinsuke Abe, Satsuki Imaoka +6
Cancers1 Oct 2026Peer-reviewedCC BYFull textMedical imaging & radiologyEurope PMCCrossref
A novel eye-tracking oculomotor score correlates with excessive daytime sleepiness and motor progression in Parkinson’s disease
Renata Ramina Pessoa, Matheus Augusto Bernardi, William Ramires Sanches +8
Scientific Reports14 Oct 2026Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Full textNeurologyCrossref

Cite

BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@article{mabrouk2026clinical,
  title = {{Clinical, Laboratory, and Histopathological Correlates of Disease Progression in Adult Nephrotic Syndrome}},
  author = {Maram Mabrouk and Sheren Abdelaziz},
  journal = {Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Assiut University},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.21608/bfsa.2026.528391.3304},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2026.528391.3304},
  note = {CC BY},
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Clinical, Laboratory, and Histopathological Correlates of Disease Progression in Adult Nephrotic Syndrome
AU  - Maram Mabrouk
AU  - Sheren Abdelaziz
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/25
JO  - Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Assiut University
DO  - 10.21608/bfsa.2026.528391.3304
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2026.528391.3304
AB  - Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a significant nephrological challenge characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, with incompletely understood pathogenesis. This study evaluated clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features of adult NS patients and identified correlates of disease progression.  Methods: This case-control study included 60 participants (50 NS patients, 10 healthy controls) over two years (February 2024–February 2026). Clinical data and stool samples were collected before steroid or immunosuppressive therapy to avoid confounding. Clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, urinary biomarkers, and renal histopathology were systematically assessed. Statistical analysis used SPSS version 20, with significance at p ≤ 0.05.  Results: CKD stage 1 was most frequent (41.7%), followed by stage 2 (30.0%). Proteinuria +4 occurred in 36.7%. Membranous nephropathy (25.0%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (23.3%) predominated histopathologically. Most patients (83.3%) received steroids, with 41.7% on combination therapy. Significant differences between patients and controls were found for body weight (p=0.033), BMI (p=0.046), hemoglobin (p<0.001), renal function (p<0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001). Lower limb edema was most prevalent (81.7%), followed by eye puffiness (73.3%) and upper limb edema (73.3%).  Conclusions: This study comprehensively characterizes adult NS, revealing significant associations between disease severity markers and histopathological subtypes. The high prevalence of combination immunosuppressive therapy reflects substantial disease burden, highlighting the need for personalized management based on comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and histopathological assessment.
SN  - 3009-7703
SN  - 1110-0052
ER  -

Abstract

Related

Cite