Comparison of subperiosteal, short, and standard endosseous implants in the severely atrophic edentulous mandible: a three-dimensional finite element stress analysis study
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Private Clinic
- 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University
- 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University
Abstract
Background Reconstruction of the severely atrophic edentulous mandible without complex augmentation remains a clinical challenge. With advances in digital design and fabrication, alternative implants such as short endosseous and subperiosteal implants have emerged as viable options. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the stress distributions in bone and implants under functional forces using three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Materials and methods A virtual model of a severely atrophic mandible was constructed based on tomographic data. Three implant configurations were designed and applied to the interforaminal region: short (6 mm) and standard (10 mm) endosseous implants, and a custom-designed subperiosteal implant made of grade 5 titanium. Each model was subjected to 100 N vertical and 50 N horizontal loads. Principal stresses in cortical bone and Von Mises stresses in implants were analyzed using 3D-FEA. Results Short and standard endosseous implants exhibited comparable stress levels in both cortical bone and implant surfaces. Subperiosteal implants showed higher Von Mises values but presented a more homogeneous stress distribution. Despite increased stress, values remained below material yield limits. Compressive stresses dominated in cortical bone across all models, with distal implant sites showing higher tensile loads. Conclusions In atrophic mandibles, short and standard implants appear biomechanically favorable without requiring bone augmentation. Subperiosteal implants, despite higher stress levels, may still be a feasible alternative due to improved anatomical fit provided by CAD/CAM technology.
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BibTeX
@article{kahraman2026comparison,
title = {{Comparison of subperiosteal, short, and standard endosseous implants in the severely atrophic edentulous mandible: a three-dimensional finite element stress analysis study}},
author = {Bülent Kahraman and Muhsin Ardıç and Mehmet Fuat Kılıç and Cahit Üçok},
journal = {BMC Oral Health},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1186/s12903-026-09446-5},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09446-5},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Comparison of subperiosteal, short, and standard endosseous implants in the severely atrophic edentulous mandible: a three-dimensional finite element stress analysis study
AU - Bülent Kahraman
AU - Muhsin Ardıç
AU - Mehmet Fuat Kılıç
AU - Cahit Üçok
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
JO - BMC Oral Health
DO - 10.1186/s12903-026-09446-5
UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-026-09446-5
AB - Background Reconstruction of the severely atrophic edentulous mandible without complex augmentation remains a clinical challenge. With advances in digital design and fabrication, alternative implants such as short endosseous and subperiosteal implants have emerged as viable options. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the stress distributions in bone and implants under functional forces using three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Materials and methods A virtual model of a severely atrophic mandible was constructed based on tomographic data. Three implant configurations were designed and applied to the interforaminal region: short (6 mm) and standard (10 mm) endosseous implants, and a custom-designed subperiosteal implant made of grade 5 titanium. Each model was subjected to 100 N vertical and 50 N horizontal loads. Principal stresses in cortical bone and Von Mises stresses in implants were analyzed using 3D-FEA. Results Short and standard endosseous implants exhibited comparable stress levels in both cortical bone and implant surfaces. Subperiosteal implants showed higher Von Mises values but presented a more homogeneous stress distribution. Despite increased stress, values remained below material yield limits. Compressive stresses dominated in cortical bone across all models, with distal implant sites showing higher tensile loads. Conclusions In atrophic mandibles, short and standard implants appear biomechanically favorable without requiring bone augmentation. Subperiosteal implants, despite higher stress levels, may still be a feasible alternative due to improved anatomical fit provided by CAD/CAM technology.
SN - 1472-6831
ER -