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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Progesterone Receptor Expression in Different Regions of Glioblastoma Multiforme and in an In Vitro Model

  • Donata Szubert1
  • Klaudyna Kojder2
  • Dariusz Jeżewski3,4
  • Maciej Tarnowski5,6
  • Patrycja Tomasiak6
  • Katarzyna Piotrowska7
  • Agnieszka Kolasa8
  • Mateusz Bosiacki1
  • Izabela Szućko-Kociuba9,10
  • Maciej Kołodziejczak1
  • Patrycja Kapczuk1
10 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
  2. 2Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
  3. 3Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery,Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
  4. 4Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
  5. 5Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
  6. 6Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland
  7. 7Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
  8. 8Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
  9. 9Department of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Epigenetics, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
  10. 10The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
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Abstract

The progesterone receptor (PGR) is involved in processes associated with tumor progression, also in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is characterized by regional heterogeneity, with distinct tumor areas differing in their cellular profiles and access to nutrients and oxygen. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the tumor microenvironment on PGR mRNA and protein expression and to characterize PGR expression in different regions of GBM. To this end, GBM tumor tissues were collected from patients, and an in vitro model was established using the U87 cell line to reproduce hypoxic (H) and nutrient-deficient (ND) conditions. PGR mRNA expression was assessed by real-time PCR, while PGR protein expression was analyzed using ELISA, Western blot, confocal microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. The microenvironmental conditions examined, including H and ND, did not affect PGR protein expression in U87 cells, while H conditions significantly increased PGR mRNA expression. Different GBM regions showed variable levels of PGR protein expression, with the highest expression observed at the peritumoral area. No effect of sex on PGR expression was observed in any of the GBM regions analyzed. Overall, the results indicate regional heterogeneity of PGR expression in GBM.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{szubert2026progesterone,
  title = {{Progesterone Receptor Expression in Different Regions of Glioblastoma Multiforme and in an In Vitro Model}},
  author = {Donata Szubert and Klaudyna Kojder and Dariusz Jeżewski and Maciej Tarnowski and Patrycja Tomasiak and Katarzyna Piotrowska and Agnieszka Kolasa and Mateusz Bosiacki and Izabela Szućko-Kociuba and Maciej Kołodziejczak and Patrycja Kapczuk},
  journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/ijms27209253},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9253},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Progesterone Receptor Expression in Different Regions of Glioblastoma Multiforme and in an In Vitro Model
AU  - Donata Szubert
AU  - Klaudyna Kojder
AU  - Dariusz Jeżewski
AU  - Maciej Tarnowski
AU  - Patrycja Tomasiak
AU  - Katarzyna Piotrowska
AU  - Agnieszka Kolasa
AU  - Mateusz Bosiacki
AU  - Izabela Szućko-Kociuba
AU  - Maciej Kołodziejczak
AU  - Patrycja Kapczuk
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO  - 10.3390/ijms27209253
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9253
AB  - The progesterone receptor (PGR) is involved in processes associated with tumor progression, also in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is characterized by regional heterogeneity, with distinct tumor areas differing in their cellular profiles and access to nutrients and oxygen. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the tumor microenvironment on PGR mRNA and protein expression and to characterize PGR expression in different regions of GBM. To this end, GBM tumor tissues were collected from patients, and an in vitro model was established using the U87 cell line to reproduce hypoxic (H) and nutrient-deficient (ND) conditions. PGR mRNA expression was assessed by real-time PCR, while PGR protein expression was analyzed using ELISA, Western blot, confocal microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. The microenvironmental conditions examined, including H and ND, did not affect PGR protein expression in U87 cells, while H conditions significantly increased PGR mRNA expression. Different GBM regions showed variable levels of PGR protein expression, with the highest expression observed at the peritumoral area. No effect of sex on PGR expression was observed in any of the GBM regions analyzed. Overall, the results indicate regional heterogeneity of PGR expression in GBM.
SN  - 1422-0067
ER  -