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Peer-reviewedCC BYnpj Science of Food

Circling the sandwich: measuring food waste and its drivers in UK prepared sandwich manufacture

  • Alexander Moores1
  • Dimitris Charalampopoulos2
  • Adrian Williams3
  • Kerry Whiteside4
  • Paul Buxton4
  • Ximena Schmidt Rivera1
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Brunel University of London
  2. 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights
  3. 3Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cranfield University
  4. 4Samworth Brothers Limited
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Abstract

Food waste reduction and reutilisation is paramount to meeting national Waste Directives and achieving the Sustainable Development agenda. Implementing Circular Economy principles provides opportunities for cost savings, new revenue streams, and sustainable resource management. Applying the Food Loss and Waste (FLW) Accounting and Reporting Standard, this study identifies and measures sources of FLW in the manufacture of prepared sandwiches, and explores reduction and reutilisation from a Circular Economy perspective. The examined process contributes to circularity, with a loss rate of 13%, of which 97% is valorised. Waste hotspots include product assembly and ingredient preparation, while operational reductions, design changes, and stakeholder collaboration for high-value side-stream management would further reduce FLW impact. Examining a complex food item at the product-level for the first time, this study provides an evidence base for FLW reduction through inventory and hotspot analysis, contextualising the current extent of circularity and suggesting areas for further development.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{moores2026circling,
  title = {{Circling the sandwich: measuring food waste and its drivers in UK prepared sandwich manufacture}},
  author = {Alexander Moores and Dimitris Charalampopoulos and Adrian Williams and Kerry Whiteside and Paul Buxton and Ximena Schmidt Rivera},
  journal = {npj Science of Food},
  year = {2026},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.1038/s41538-026-00948-8},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-026-00948-8},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Circling the sandwich: measuring food waste and its drivers in UK prepared sandwich manufacture
AU  - Alexander Moores
AU  - Dimitris Charalampopoulos
AU  - Adrian Williams
AU  - Kerry Whiteside
AU  - Paul Buxton
AU  - Ximena Schmidt Rivera
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/06/01
JO  - npj Science of Food
DO  - 10.1038/s41538-026-00948-8
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-026-00948-8
AB  - Food waste reduction and reutilisation is paramount to meeting national Waste Directives and achieving the Sustainable Development agenda. Implementing Circular Economy principles provides opportunities for cost savings, new revenue streams, and sustainable resource management. Applying the Food Loss and Waste (FLW) Accounting and Reporting Standard, this study identifies and measures sources of FLW in the manufacture of prepared sandwiches, and explores reduction and reutilisation from a Circular Economy perspective. The examined process contributes to circularity, with a loss rate of 13%, of which 97% is valorised. Waste hotspots include product assembly and ingredient preparation, while operational reductions, design changes, and stakeholder collaboration for high-value side-stream management would further reduce FLW impact. Examining a complex food item at the product-level for the first time, this study provides an evidence base for FLW reduction through inventory and hotspot analysis, contextualising the current extent of circularity and suggesting areas for further development.
SN  - 2396-8370
ER  -