Association Between the Severity of Periodontal Disease and Carotid Artery Pulsatility Index in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
6 affiliations
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
- 2Division of Medical-Dental Regeneration Medicine, Center for Advanced Oral Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
- 3Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
- 4Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Infections and Health Sciences, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
- 5Department of Dental Hygiene, Aichi Gakuin University Junior College, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
- 6Division of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Center for Advanced Oral Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Periodontal disease is a major comorbidity of diabetes mellitus, and there is a bidirectional relationship between these two chronic inflammatory conditions. Although emerging studies have suggested that periodontal disease is associated with both macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes, its relationship with functional vascular parameters has not been sufficiently clarified. This study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal disease severity and vascular dysfunction, as assessed by the pulsatility index of the common carotid artery (CCA-PI), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients with T2DM attending both diabetic complication and dental clinics were enrolled. Periodontal parameters, including probing pocket depth (PD), attachment level (AL), bleeding on probing, and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), were assessed. Vascular parameters were evaluated using carotid ultrasonography, with particular focus on CCA-PI. Associations between periodontal variables and vascular parameters were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: The proportion of sites with PD ≥ 4 mm and AL ≥ 4 mm was positively correlated with CCA-PI. In multivariate regression analyses, only PD ≥ 4 mm remained associated with CCA-PI after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and HbA1c. Conclusions: Although causality cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional study, greater periodontal disease severity, particularly the extent of periodontal pocketing, was associated with increased CCA-PI in patients with T2DM.
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BibTeX
@article{sasajima2026association,
title = {{Association Between the Severity of Periodontal Disease and Carotid Artery Pulsatility Index in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus}},
author = {Sachiko Sasajima and Nobuhisa Nakamura and Megumi Miyabe and Reina Ozaki and Takeshi Kikuchi and Noritaka Sawada and Shun Kondo and Kento Kojima and Airi Hayashi and Koudai Katsumata and Koji Inagaki and Akio Mitani and Keiko Naruse},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/jcm15218540},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8540},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Association Between the Severity of Periodontal Disease and Carotid Artery Pulsatility Index in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
AU - Sachiko Sasajima
AU - Nobuhisa Nakamura
AU - Megumi Miyabe
AU - Reina Ozaki
AU - Takeshi Kikuchi
AU - Noritaka Sawada
AU - Shun Kondo
AU - Kento Kojima
AU - Airi Hayashi
AU - Koudai Katsumata
AU - Koji Inagaki
AU - Akio Mitani
AU - Keiko Naruse
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/02
JO - Journal of Clinical Medicine
DO - 10.3390/jcm15218540
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8540
AB - Background/Objectives: Periodontal disease is a major comorbidity of diabetes mellitus, and there is a bidirectional relationship between these two chronic inflammatory conditions. Although emerging studies have suggested that periodontal disease is associated with both macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes, its relationship with functional vascular parameters has not been sufficiently clarified. This study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal disease severity and vascular dysfunction, as assessed by the pulsatility index of the common carotid artery (CCA-PI), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients with T2DM attending both diabetic complication and dental clinics were enrolled. Periodontal parameters, including probing pocket depth (PD), attachment level (AL), bleeding on probing, and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), were assessed. Vascular parameters were evaluated using carotid ultrasonography, with particular focus on CCA-PI. Associations between periodontal variables and vascular parameters were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: The proportion of sites with PD ≥ 4 mm and AL ≥ 4 mm was positively correlated with CCA-PI. In multivariate regression analyses, only PD ≥ 4 mm remained associated with CCA-PI after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and HbA1c. Conclusions: Although causality cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional study, greater periodontal disease severity, particularly the extent of periodontal pocketing, was associated with increased CCA-PI in patients with T2DM.
SN - 2077-0383
ER -